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   <channel>
      <title>Refugee policy and research blogs</title>
      <description>Aggregate of various refugee policy and research blogs and sites. By Colin Yeo, Renaissance Chambers.</description>
      <link>http://pipes.yahoo.com/pipes/pipe.info?_id=6jrsSn6b3RGogV8dBR50VA</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 04:40:07 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Non-European Student Migration to the UK</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/non-european-student-migration-uk</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;8th April 2013&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-next-update-date&quot;&gt;
        08/04/2014  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Scott Blinder  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This briefing sets out to answer key questions about how many students from outside Europe come to the UK, how long they stay, how many family members come with them, what they are studying, whether they work during their study here and how many of them change status and choose to settle permanently in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h2&gt;Key points&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">519 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Sun, 04 Aug 2013 15:57:44 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Nostalgia and diversity: Understanding integration at the local level</title>
         <link>http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/05/nostalgia-and-diversity-understanding-integration-and-the-local-level/?utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=nostalgia-and-diversity-understanding-integration-and-the-local-level</link>
         <description>By: Ben Gidley, Senior Researcher They never call it Bermondsey any more A couple of weeks ago, in Bermondsey, South London with my colleagues Ole Jensen, Simon Rowe and Ida Persson, we met a man called Albert, at the entrance &amp;#8230; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/05/nostalgia-and-diversity-understanding-integration-and-the-local-level/&quot;&gt;Continue reading &lt;span class=&quot;meta-nav&quot;&gt;&amp;#8594;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/?p=1079</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 15:28:10 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh's research on local faith communities and humanitarian situations features in The Guardian</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/elena-fiddian-qasmiyehs-research-on-local-faith-communities-and-humanitarian-situations-features-in-the-guardian</link>
         <description>RSC/JLI Working Paper 90 on ' Local faith communities and the promotion of resilience in...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 13:14:02 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Milestone/More on Accessing Journal Articles</title>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ForcedMigrationCurrentAwareness/~3/agVpxXwGTK4/milestonemore-on-accessing-journal.html</link>
         <description>&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6WoyZUDtiuI/UZphVVnSQRI/AAAAAAAAHvw/JaqZ_KvDhrQ/s1600/Spider-Firework-Omiya-Japan.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear:left;float:left;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6WoyZUDtiuI/UZphVVnSQRI/AAAAAAAAHvw/JaqZ_KvDhrQ/s200/Spider-Firework-Omiya-Japan.jpg&quot; width=&quot;150&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;[An aside: This is my 2500th published post! &amp;nbsp;It has taken me 7 1/2 years to get to this point, but maybe I'll get to 5000 posts in less time since my daily posting rate has increased over the years! &amp;nbsp;At the same time, it's not so much about the numbers, but rather relevance and utility. &amp;nbsp;My sincerest hope is that these posts have proven useful to you and the valuable work that you do to assist and protect forced migrants.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now here's the actual post...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Last month, I &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/2013/04/accessing-journal-articles.html&quot;&gt;provided&lt;/a&gt; some suggestions for how to find the full-text of journal articles when you do not have subscription or database access to journal collections through your institution. &amp;nbsp;One suggestion was to try to locate an article of interest via &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://scholar.google.com/&quot;&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/a&gt;. &amp;nbsp;However, if you don't find anything in Google Scholar, broaden the scope of your search to include all of the web. &amp;nbsp;The reason is that it can take a little time for references to end up in Scholar's index, so information about newly published journal articles may not be available immediately. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here's an example: &amp;nbsp;Today, the PDES &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/pages/Unhcr-Policy-Development-and-Evaluation-Service/133497766712914&quot;&gt;Facebook page&lt;/a&gt; included a &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096880801341710X&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; to an abstract of an article entitled &quot;Early relationships and marriage in conflict and post-conflict settings: vulnerability of youth in Uganda.&quot; &amp;nbsp;Full-text access requires payment, so I searched in Scholar for it but only found a citation. &amp;nbsp;However, when I expanded my search to all of the web, I &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/press-room/journal-articles/1642-early-relationships-and-marriage-in-conflict-and-post-conflict-settings-vulnerability-of-youth-in-uganda&quot;&gt;located the full-text&lt;/a&gt; on the Women's Refugee Commission web site. &amp;nbsp;(As it turns out, the principal author is a WRC staff member.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Likewise, the texts of the two law review articles I referenced in today's &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/2013/05/thematic-focus-gender-issues.html&quot;&gt;&quot;gender issues&quot; post&lt;/a&gt; are not yet in Google Scholar, but they are available online nonetheless.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you give the suggestions in this and the earlier post a try but still cannot track down a certain article, let me know - I might be able to point you in the right direction, although no guarantees! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-small;&quot;&gt;[Image credit: &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spider-Firework-Omiya-Japan.jpg&quot;&gt;Spider Firework&lt;/a&gt;, Wikipedia]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Tagged&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/publications&quot; style=&quot;color:#2288bb;text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Publications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;</description>
         <author>EEM</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17446547.post-7953414704604910135</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2013 13:45:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>How a house fire 20 years ago threatens Anne-Marie’s right to stay in the only country she knows</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2013/how-house-fire-20-years-ago-threatens-anne-marie-s-right-stay-only-country-she-</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-migration-pulse-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    The plight of those with irregular immigration status – often through no fault of their own – generally goes ignored and unrecognised, and will only get worse now that legal aid has been scrapped for immigration cases. Our ‘Chasing Status’ research aims to tell the stories of those most badly affected.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-author-reports&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Fiona Bawdon        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	Anne-Marie came to the UK to join her family in 1974 when she was 17. A decade later, her Jamaican passport was destroyed in a fire, but as Anne-Marie had no plans to travel abroad, she wasn&amp;#39;t unduly concerned and didn&amp;#39;t try to replace it. It was only later she discovered that, along with her passport, proof of her immigration status had also gone up in smoke. The Home Office claimed to have no record of her. As a result, Anne-Marie is now unable to claim state benefits and it is only help from her family - including her mother, now in her 80s - and church friends, that has saved her from destitution.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2676 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2013 11:49:58 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Regional Focus: Americas</title>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ForcedMigrationCurrentAwareness/~3/iIiQwAJ1RYY/regional-focus-americas_20.html</link>
         <description>&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VszvnJIpHaE/UZpC_Lzjt_I/AAAAAAAAHvg/bQcBqvTKGkA/s1600/Refugiados+en+Mexico.png&quot; style=&quot;clear:left;float:left;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VszvnJIpHaE/UZpC_Lzjt_I/AAAAAAAAHvg/bQcBqvTKGkA/s200/Refugiados+en+Mexico.png&quot; width=&quot;150&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;2012 Refugee Claim Data and IRB Member Recognition Rates (Canadian Council for Refugees, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://ccrweb.ca/en/2012-refugee-claim-data&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Colombia: Between the Humanitarian Crisis and Hope of Peace (Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-between-humanitarian-crisis-and-hope-peace&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt; via ReliefWeb]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lessons from the Earthquake in Haiti: A Survey on the IDPs and on the Resettled Households (Migration Policy Centre, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.migrationpolicycentre.eu/lessons-from-the-earthquake-in-haiti-a-survey-on-the-idps-and-on-the-resettled-households-april-2012/&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- English summary of a French-language research report by the ACP Observatory on Migration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Price of Fear (IRIN, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.irinnews.org/Report/98039/The-price-of-fear&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Discusses fear of crime and gang violence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Refugiados en México: Perfiles Sociodemográficos e Integración Social (UNHCR, 2012; launched May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://reliefweb.int/report/mexico/refugiados-en-m%C3%A9xico-perfiles-sociodemogr%C3%A1ficos-e-integraci%C3%B3n-social&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt; via ReliefWeb]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Tagged&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/publications&quot; style=&quot;color:#2288bb;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Publications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;</description>
         <author>EEM</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17446547.post-4885642896619540382</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2013 11:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <media:thumbnail height="72" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VszvnJIpHaE/UZpC_Lzjt_I/AAAAAAAAHvg/bQcBqvTKGkA/s72-c/Refugiados+en+Mexico.png" width="72" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/"/>
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         <title>Borders of the Mind:  The uneasy politics of national frontiers and why it’s not always best to forever be in control....</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/05/borders-mind-uneasy-politics-national-frontiers-and-why-it-s-not-always-best-forever-be</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Two recent books look at what states do to people at their borders and how this often reflects what they do to others on their territory. Take note: Police regimes at national frontiers have a disturbing tendency to become police regimes over everyone...        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	The sinister injunction that one should be careful of what you wish for, on account of the possibility that it might come true, seems to have particular application to those who would like to see the UK &amp;lsquo;regain control of its borders.&amp;rsquo;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2675 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2013 11:10:20 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Regional Focus: Africa</title>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ForcedMigrationCurrentAwareness/~3/JLKTea-lGIA/regional-focus-africa_20.html</link>
         <description>&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ECGSKSmR08Q/UZo61jTAzDI/AAAAAAAAHvQ/Gw5-5qx0z40/s1600/Voices_from_exile+En.png&quot; style=&quot;clear:left;float:left;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ECGSKSmR08Q/UZo61jTAzDI/AAAAAAAAHvQ/Gw5-5qx0z40/s200/Voices_from_exile+En.png&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Destination Unknown: Eritrean Refugee Torture and Trafficking (NATO Civil-Military Fusion Centre, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://reliefweb.int/report/eritrea/destination-unknown-eritrean-refugee-torture-and-trafficking&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt; via ReliefWeb]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Kampala Convention: Entry into Force (Brookings-LSE Project on Internal Displacement, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.brookings.edu/research/expert-qa/2013/05/13-kampala-convention-internal-displacement-africa-beyani&quot;&gt;access&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Libyans in North Africa Scared to Return Home (IRIN, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.irinnews.org/Report/98045/Libyans-in-North-Africa-scared-to-return-home&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Life in Transition: Ongoing Social and Economic Impacts of Internal Displacement on Young People in Liberia,&quot; &lt;i&gt;Georgetown Public Policy Review&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 18, no. 2 (Spring 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://gppreview.com/print-journal/spring-2013-volume-182/life-in-transition/&quot;&gt;full-text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Returns to South and Central Somalia: A Violation of International Law (Amnesty International, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.refworld.org/docid/519492934.html&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt; via Refworld]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tales of the Unexpected (Inside Story, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://inside.org.au/tales-of-the-unexpected/&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Voices from Exile: Daily Realities and Future Prospects of Congolese and Burundian Refugees in the Great Lakes Region (Danish Refugee Council, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/voices-exile-daily-realities-and-future-prospects-congolese-and&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt; via ReliefWeb]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Tagged&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/publications&quot; style=&quot;color:#2288bb;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Publications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;</description>
         <author>EEM</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17446547.post-834806849542360832</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2013 11:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Thematic Focus: Gender Issues</title>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ForcedMigrationCurrentAwareness/~3/Vt1Z2q9XOhA/thematic-focus-gender-issues.html</link>
         <description>&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Event &amp;amp; opportunity:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
FY 2013 Funding Opportunity Announcement for Global Programs to Develop and Assess the Humanitarian Community's Capacity to Prevent and Respond to Gender-based Violence (GBV) within Refugee and Conflict-affected Populations [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.state.gov/j/prm/funding/2013/208998.htm&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Proposal submission deadline is &lt;b&gt;5 June 2013&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gender, the Refugee and Displacement (1900-1950), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, &lt;b&gt;5 July 2013&lt;/b&gt; [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://genderanddisplacementconf.wordpress.com/2013/05/20/registration-is-now-open&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Registration is now open; a programme will be available at the end of the month.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Publications:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FkGap4TSJZ8/UZo0lWYKYuI/AAAAAAAAHvA/x3-0JG-VdUw/s1600/ilga-rev.png&quot; style=&quot;clear:right;float:right;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FkGap4TSJZ8/UZo0lWYKYuI/AAAAAAAAHvA/x3-0JG-VdUw/s200/ilga-rev.png&quot; width=&quot;155&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People&lt;/i&gt; (ILGA Europe, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=5195e05d4&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt; via Refworld]&lt;br /&gt;
- See also other &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ilga-europe.org/home/publications/reports_and_other_materials/rainbow_europe&quot;&gt;related materials&lt;/a&gt; from ILGA Europe including &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ilga-europe.org/home/publications/reports_and_other_materials/rainbow_europe/score_sheet&quot;&gt;score sheets&lt;/a&gt; per country.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Female Refugees Fleeing Conflict (IntLawGrrls, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://ilg2.org/2013/05/10/female-refugees-fleeing-conflict/&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Invisible in the City: Protection Gaps Experienced by Sexual Minority Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Urban Ecuador, Ghana, Israel, and Kenya (HIAS, Feb. 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hias.org/uploaded/file/Invisible-in-the-City.pdf&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- See also related U.S. State Dept. &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/remarks/2013/209134.htm&quot;&gt;speech&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Nexus with a Convention Ground: The Particular Social Group and Sexual Minority Refugees in Ireland and the United Kingdom,&quot; &lt;i&gt;Irish Law Journal&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 1, no. 1 (2012) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://irishlawjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Nexus-with-a-Convention-Ground-The-Particular-Social-Group-and-Sexual-Minority-Refugees-in-Ireland-and-the-United-Kingdom.pdf&quot;&gt;full-text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Plight of LGBTI Asylum Seekers, Refugees (IRIN, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.irinnews.org/Report/97989/Analysis-The-plight-of-LGBTI-asylum-seekers-refugees&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and the Protection of Forced Migrants,&quot; &lt;i&gt;Forced Migration Review&lt;/i&gt;, no. 42 (April 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.fmreview.org/sogi&quot;&gt;open access text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
-&quot;Around the world, people face abuse, arbitrary arrest, extortion, violence, severe discrimination and lack of official protection because of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. This latest issue of FMR includes 26 articles on the abuse of rights of forced migrants who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or intersex. Authors discuss both the challenges faced and examples of good practice in securing protection for LGBTI forced migrants.&quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
UK Asylum Process Painful for Lesbians Fleeing Death Threats (Thomson Reuters Foundation, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.trust.org/item/20130516115734-fuqwb/?source=hptop&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Women as a Particular Social Group: A Comparative Assessment of Gender Asylum Claims in the United States and United Kingdom,&quot; &lt;i&gt;Georgetown Immigration Law Journal&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 26, no. 2 (Winter 2012) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2263350&quot;&gt;full-text&lt;/a&gt; via SSRN]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;Tagged&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/publications&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#2288bb;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Publications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/events&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#2288bb;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Events &amp;amp; Opportunities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</description>
         <author>EEM</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17446547.post-835789897218306227</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2013 10:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <media:thumbnail height="72" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FkGap4TSJZ8/UZo0lWYKYuI/AAAAAAAAHvA/x3-0JG-VdUw/s72-c/ilga-rev.png" width="72" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/"/>
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         <title>IMPACIM Report: Changing European Welfare States</title>
         <link>http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk//news/latest/article/date///impacim-final-report-changing-european-welfare-states/</link>
         <description>A new paper led by Professor Anton Hemerijck, VU University Amsterdam, and commissioned as part of...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 17 May 2013 14:39:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>A new paper led by Professor Anton Hemerijck ,&nbsp;VU University Amsterdam, and commissioned as part of the IMPACIM project at COMPAS , is available today. 
The report&nbsp;explores&nbsp;changing European welfare states and their incorporation of migrants in Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK.&nbsp;</div>
<div> Changing European Welfare States and the Evolution of Migrant Incorporation Regimes outlines key features of the social welfare regimes of the four countries in the IMPACIM (The Impact of Restrictions and Entitlements on the Integration of Family Migrants)&nbsp;project, providing insights into the contexts through which migrants’ entitlement to, or exclusion from, key welfare state provisions can be explained. 
It provides insight into the core features and cross-national differences in the countries' welfare states structures, including analysis of the basis of welfare funding, actors in provision, the basis of entitlements and their historical development. It also provides a broad overview of migrants' social rights within a wider analysis of the urgent and necessary processes of reform that European welfare states must tackle.</div>]]></content:encoded>
         <category>Publications</category>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>New Issues of Global Eye, JIRS, J. Intercult. Stud., J. Intl. Humanit. Legal Stud., MPP, Vivre Ens., WAN</title>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ForcedMigrationCurrentAwareness/~3/UoMqq6LmTIM/new-issues-of-global-eye-jirs-j.html</link>
         <description>&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Hyim_xSxCDI/UZUBceddEUI/AAAAAAAAHuw/NePdIOnIzt4/s1600/Vivre_Ensemble.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear:left;float:left;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Hyim_xSxCDI/UZUBceddEUI/AAAAAAAAHuw/NePdIOnIzt4/s200/Vivre_Ensemble.jpg&quot; width=&quot;140&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;Global Eye on Human Trafficking&lt;/i&gt;, no. 12 (April 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&amp;amp;cPath=36&amp;amp;products_id=928&quot;&gt;full-text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- A news bulletin from IOM.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Journal of Immigrant &amp;amp; Refugee Studies&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 11, no. 2 (2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/wimm20/11/2&quot;&gt;contents&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Mix of articles including &quot;Navigating Between Control and Autonomy: Recently Arrived Iraqi Refugees’ Perceptions Regarding Honor, Well-Being, and Risk for Intimate Partner Violence.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Journal of Intercultural Studies&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 34, no. 2 (2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cjis20/34/2&quot;&gt;contents&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Focus is on migration in Australia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 3, no. 1 (2012) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/18781527/3/1&quot;&gt;contents&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Mix of articles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Migration Policy Practice&lt;/i&gt;, vol. III, no. 2 (April/May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://reliefweb.int/report/world/migration-policy-practice-volume-iii-number-2-april-may-2013&quot;&gt;full-text&lt;/a&gt; via ReliefWeb]&lt;br /&gt;
- Mix of articles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Vivre Ensemble&lt;/i&gt;, No. 142 (April 2103) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.asile.ch/vivre-ensemble/2013/04/11/ve-142-avril-2013/&quot;&gt;contents&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Mix of articles on asylum and Syria. Some &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.asile.ch/vivre-ensemble/ve_numero/ve-142-avril-2013/&quot;&gt;articles&lt;/a&gt; are provided in full-text.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Women's Asylum News&lt;/i&gt;, no. 117 (May/June 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.refworld.org/docid/519234184.html&quot;&gt;full-text&lt;/a&gt; via Refworld]&lt;br /&gt;
- Lead article is &quot;Pregnant Women in Detention.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Tagged&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#2288bb;font-size:xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/periodicals&quot; style=&quot;color:#2288bb;&quot;&gt;Periodicals&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;</description>
         <author>EEM</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17446547.post-753668708603190703</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 16 May 2013 11:45:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <media:thumbnail height="72" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Hyim_xSxCDI/UZUBceddEUI/AAAAAAAAHuw/NePdIOnIzt4/s72-c/Vivre_Ensemble.jpg" width="72" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/"/>
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         <title>Regional Focus: Australia</title>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ForcedMigrationCurrentAwareness/~3/__pHQEJD3aY/regional-focus-australia.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear:both;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Bdd_swTd2X4/UZTxehp5BKI/AAAAAAAAHug/4AOJl_ZsJqM/s1600/australia-excised.png&quot; style=&quot;clear:right;float:right;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;141&quot; src=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Bdd_swTd2X4/UZTxehp5BKI/AAAAAAAAHug/4AOJl_ZsJqM/s200/australia-excised.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Australia's Parliament has passed an amendment that redefines its migration zone in such a way as to render illegal any boat arrivals on the mainland. &amp;nbsp;Those who do arrive by sea will be subject to offshore processing and detention on Nauru or Papua New Guinea's Manus Island. &amp;nbsp;The law does not apply to asylum-seekers who arrive by air. Previously, the zone was limited to islands off the northern coast of Australia (see map).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information and initial reactions:&lt;br /&gt;
- Australia’s Expanded Excision Law a New Low in Refugee Protection (Refugee Council of Australia, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://refugeecouncil.org.au/n/mr/130516_Excision.pdf&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Government Removes Australia from its Own Borders to Avoid Obligations (Amnesty International, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.amnesty.org.au/news/comments/31778/&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Excising Australia from the Migration Zone (The Conversation, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://theconversation.com/out-of-sight-out-of-mind-excising-australia-from-the-migration-zone-14387&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- &quot;Parliament Excises Mainland from Migration Zone,&quot; &lt;i&gt;ABC News&lt;/i&gt;, 16 May 2013 [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-05-16/parliament-excises-mainland-from-migration-zone/4693940&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- What Does &quot;Excising the Mainland from the Migration Zone&quot; Mean? (Australian Immigration Law Weblog, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://migrantlaw.blogspot.com/2013/05/what-does-excising-mainland-from.html&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*For background on the consideration of the excision bill that took place earlier in the year, visit the Senate Committee's&amp;nbsp;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=legcon_ctte/completed_inquiries/2010-13/unauthorised_maritime_arrivals/index.htm&quot;&gt;web pages&lt;/a&gt; where you can find, among other things, the &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=legcon_ctte/completed_inquiries/2010-13/unauthorised_maritime_arrivals/submissions.htm&quot;&gt;submissions&lt;/a&gt; to the Committee and the final Committee &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=legcon_ctte/completed_inquiries/2010-13/unauthorised_maritime_arrivals/report/index.htm&quot;&gt;report&lt;/a&gt;. &amp;nbsp;See also the comment to this post from Jane McAdam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Interestingly, it has been &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/political-news/boat-people-genuine-refugees-20130519-2juvg.html&quot;&gt;reported&lt;/a&gt; that subsequent to the Parliament's passage of the new bill, the Department of Immigration and Citizenship released its &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/asylum/_files/asylum-stats-march-quarter-2013.pdf&quot;&gt;quarterly asylum statistics&lt;/a&gt; showing that asylum-seekers arriving by boat have a higher refugee recognition rate than those who arrive by plane. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I will add more references as they become available.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-small;&quot;&gt;[Map credit: &quot;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/81-excision-places-map.pdf&quot;&gt;Maritime Boundaries and Application of Excision Legislation&lt;/a&gt;,&quot; Commonwealth of Australia, Jan. 2007]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;*updated&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Events:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Asylum Seekers: In Search of a Humanitarian Solution, Melbourne, &lt;b&gt;22 May 2013&lt;/b&gt; [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.melbourneanglican.org.au/Events/Lists/Events%20Calendar/DisplayForm.aspx?Source=%2f&amp;amp;ID=217&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Human Rights 2013: &amp;nbsp;The Annual Castan Centre for Human Rights Law Conference, Melbourne, &lt;b&gt;26 July 2013&lt;/b&gt; [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.law.monash.edu.au/castancentre/conference/&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Includes session on &quot;Refugees, the rule of law and the ethics of protection.&quot; &amp;nbsp;Registration is ongoing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Publications:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Asylum Seekers and Refugees—How Will They be Affected by This Year’s Budget? (FlagPost, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://parliamentflagpost.blogspot.com.au/2013/05/asylum-seekers-and-refugeeshow-will.html&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Australia’s Costly Asylum-Seeker Policy Contributes to Nation’s Deficit Woes,&quot; &lt;i&gt;Time Magazine&lt;/i&gt;, 14 May 2013 [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://world.time.com/2013/05/14/australias-harsh-asylum-seeker-policy-is-a-staggeringly-expensive-failure/&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Can Either Side of Politics Stop the Asylum Boats? (Off the Hustings, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-05-13/is-stopping-the-boats-possible/4685444&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PromiseWatch 2013: The Houston Panel (Centre for Policy Development, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://cpd.org.au/2013/05/promisewatch-2013-the-houston-panel/&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;Tagged&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/publications&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#2288bb;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Publications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/events&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#2288bb;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Events &amp;amp; Opportunities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</description>
         <author>EEM</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17446547.post-1811616622691726178</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 16 May 2013 10:45:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <media:thumbnail height="72" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Bdd_swTd2X4/UZTxehp5BKI/AAAAAAAAHug/4AOJl_ZsJqM/s72-c/australia-excised.png" width="72" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/"/>
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      <item>
         <title>Events &amp; Opportunities: May/June 2013</title>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ForcedMigrationCurrentAwareness/~3/yd0pY3JVwIs/events-opportunities-mayjune-2013.html</link>
         <description>Crisis and Migration – Perceptions, Challenges and Consequences, IMISCOE 10th Annual Conference,  Malmö, Sweden, 25-27 August 2013 [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.imiscoeconferences.org/&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Some 45 workshops have been organized, with a variety of CFP deadlines (mostly &lt;b&gt;May and June 2013&lt;/b&gt;). &amp;nbsp;Follow the link above to search for relevant fora, &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.imiscoeconferences.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=section&amp;amp;layout=blog&amp;amp;id=7&amp;amp;Itemid=55&quot;&gt;browse&lt;/a&gt; through workshop descriptions, or check out the &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.imiscoeconferences.org/images/documents/workshop%20overview.pdf&quot;&gt;overview&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Job Vacancy: Senior Programme Officer, Libya &amp;amp; Tunisia, Danish Refugee Council [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://reliefweb.int/job/574220/senior-programme-officer-migration&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Based in Tripoli. &amp;nbsp;Application deadline is &lt;b&gt;22 May 2013&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Political Geography of Refugee Camps, Panel proposal for International Studies Association Annual Convention, Toronto, 26-29 March 2014 [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=forced-migration;b41bf870.1305&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Submit a proposal by &lt;b&gt;24 May 2013&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Job Vacancy: Interim Campaigns &amp;amp; Communications Manager, Freedom from Torture [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.freedomfromtorture.org/working-for-us/vacancies/7322&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Based in London. &amp;nbsp;Application deadline is &lt;b&gt;28 May 2013&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regional Protection Programmes: An Effective Policy Tool?, Brussels, &lt;b&gt;30 May 2013&lt;/b&gt; [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ecre.org/component/content/article/56-ecre-actions/327-regional-protection-programmes.html&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- The agenda is now available!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
XV Humanitarian Congress, Berlin, 25-27 October 2013 [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.humanitarian-congress-berlin.org/&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Online registration opens in &lt;b&gt;June 2013&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
FY 2013 Funding Opportunity Announcement for NGO Programs Benefiting Refugees and IDPs in the Balkans [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.state.gov/j/prm/funding/2013/208995.htm&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Proposal submission deadline is &lt;b&gt;3&amp;nbsp;June 2013&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
FY 2013 Funding Opportunity Announcement for Global Programs to Develop and Assess the Humanitarian Community's Capacity to Prevent and Respond to Gender-based Violence (GBV) within Refugee and Conflict-affected Populations [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.state.gov/j/prm/funding/2013/208998.htm&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Proposal submission deadline is &lt;b&gt;5&amp;nbsp;June 2013&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
FY 2013 Funding Opportunity Announcement for NGO Programs Benefiting Sri Lankan Refugees in Tamil Nadu, India [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.state.gov/j/prm/funding/2013/209129.htm&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Proposal submission deadline is &lt;b&gt;6 June 2013&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Summer School: European Union Law and Policy on Immigration and Asylum, Brussels, 1-12 July 2013 [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ulb.ac.be/assoc/odysseus/Summer2013UK.html&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Apply by &lt;b&gt;7 June 2013.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Related posts:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/2013/05/employment-opportunities-may-deadlines.html&quot;&gt;Employment Opportunities: May Deadlines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/2013/05/events-opportunities-even-more-may-2013.html&quot;&gt;Events &amp;amp; Opportunities: Even More May 2013&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;Tagged&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/events&quot; style=&quot;color:#2288bb;&quot;&gt;Events &amp;amp; Opportunities&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</description>
         <author>EEM</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17446547.post-4262786042769413230</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 16 May 2013 09:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Thematic Focus: General</title>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ForcedMigrationCurrentAwareness/~3/o5r8KJld1Eg/thematic-focus-general.html</link>
         <description>&lt;b&gt;Opportunity:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Award for an Outstanding Master Thesis in Global Migration [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://graduateinstitute.ch/globalmigration/Home/award.html&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Offered by the Programme for the Study of Global Migration to &quot;promote innovative and high-quality research on global migration.&quot; The deadline for submissions is &lt;b&gt;9 September 2013&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Events after the fact:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Displacement and Migration Policies: Exploring the Interconnections, Washington, DC, 7 May 2013 [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.brookings.edu/events/2013/05/07-idp-displacement-migration&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Follow link for audio and transcript.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stranded Migrants: A New Challenge for the International Community, Washington, DC, 9 May 2013 [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://my.migrationpolicy.org/p/salsa/event/common/public/?event_KEY=66854&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Follow the link for audio.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Publications:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wWnOaX00dKs/UZPGMwUf8WI/AAAAAAAAHuQ/FDZIhPaEvSo/s1600/iasfm14.png&quot; style=&quot;clear:left;float:left;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wWnOaX00dKs/UZPGMwUf8WI/AAAAAAAAHuQ/FDZIhPaEvSo/s1600/iasfm14.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;Refugee Repatriation: Justice, Responsibility and Redress&lt;/i&gt; (Cambridge University Press, 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2013/02/refugee-repatriation-bradley&quot;&gt;info&lt;/a&gt; via &lt;br /&gt;
Brookings]&lt;br /&gt;
- Follow link for text of introduction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regional Inter-State Consultation Mechanisms on Migration: Approaches, Recent Activities and Implications for Global Governance of Migration, Migration Research Series, no. 45 (IOM, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://reliefweb.int/report/world/mrs-n%C2%B045-regional-inter-state-consultation-mechanisms-migration-approaches-recent&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt; via ReliefWeb]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A Report on IASFM14: The 14th Conference of The International Association for the Study of Forced Migration, Kolkata, 6-9 January 2013 [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://iasfm.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/IASFM14-Conference-Report.pdf&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Transitions and Durable Solutions for Displaced Persons: 21 Reasons for Optimism, Presentation at the Transitions and Solutions Roundtable, Amsterdam, 18-19&amp;nbsp;April&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;2013 [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.brookings.edu/research/speeches/2013/04/18-durable-solutions-displacement-ferris&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;Tagged&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/publications&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#2288bb;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Publications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/events&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#2288bb;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Events &amp;amp; Opportunities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</description>
         <author>EEM</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17446547.post-2307873030083364575</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 15 May 2013 13:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <media:thumbnail height="72" url="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wWnOaX00dKs/UZPGMwUf8WI/AAAAAAAAHuQ/FDZIhPaEvSo/s72-c/iasfm14.png" width="72" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/"/>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Thematic Focus: Human Trafficking/Smuggling</title>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ForcedMigrationCurrentAwareness/~3/xxx956Or_b8/thematic-focus-human.html</link>
         <description>&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AEjHeGkm2Wc/UZOyyRnWgMI/AAAAAAAAHuA/guPDCryclzw/s1600/smuggling.png&quot; style=&quot;clear:left;float:left;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AEjHeGkm2Wc/UZOyyRnWgMI/AAAAAAAAHuA/guPDCryclzw/s1600/smuggling.png&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;Publications:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: Southeast Asia's Human Trafficking Conundrum (IRIN, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.irinnews.org/Report/97979/Analysis-Southeast-Asia-s-human-trafficking-conundrum&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Assistance and Protection of Smuggled Migrants: International Law and Australian Practice,&quot; &lt;i&gt;Sydney Law Review&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 35, no. 1 (2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://sydney.edu.au/law/slr/slr_35/slr35_1/03_Schloenhardt_Stacey.pdf&quot;&gt;full-text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Global Eye on Human Trafficking&lt;/i&gt;, no. 12 (April 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&amp;amp;cPath=36&amp;amp;products_id=928&quot;&gt;full-text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- A news bulletin from IOM.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Brief: Raids Free Enslaved Migrants/Refugees in Yemen (IRIN, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.irinnews.org/Report/97961/In-Brief-Raids-free-enslaved-migrants-refugees-in-Yemen&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'No to People Smuggling': A Review of Australia’s Anti-migrant Smuggling Awareness Campaigns (Migrant Smuggling Working Group, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.law.uq.edu.au/documents/humantraffic/migrant-smuggling/som-awareness/Schloenhardt-Philipson-SoM-Awareness-Campaigns-2013.pdf&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stuck in Traffic: How Helpful is the Trafficking Framework? (COMPAS Blog, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/05/stuck-in-traffic-how-helpful-is-the-trafficking-framework/&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Web site:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Migrant Smuggling Working Group [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.law.uq.edu.au/migrantsmuggling&quot;&gt;access&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Research group based at the University of Queensland. &amp;nbsp;Its aim is to &quot;expose and analyse the reality of and responses to migrant smuggling in Australia and continuously monitor national and international developments.&quot; &amp;nbsp;Two recent outputs are listed above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;Tagged&amp;nbsp;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/publications&quot; style=&quot;color:#2288bb;&quot;&gt;Publications&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/websites&quot; style=&quot;color:#2288bb;&quot;&gt;Web Sites/Tools&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</description>
         <author>EEM</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17446547.post-5840137116060430500</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 15 May 2013 12:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <media:thumbnail height="72" url="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AEjHeGkm2Wc/UZOyyRnWgMI/AAAAAAAAHuA/guPDCryclzw/s72-c/smuggling.png" width="72" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/"/>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Fielding challenges, challenging the field</title>
         <link>http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk//news/latest/article/date///fielding-challenges-challenging-the-field/</link>
         <description>The international workshop &quot;Fielding challenges, challenging the field: The methodologies of...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 15 May 2013 10:51:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <content:encoded><![CDATA[The international workshop &quot;Fielding challenges, challenging the field: The methodologies of mobility&quot; is open for registration .&nbsp;
The deadline for abstracts is <b>20 May 2013</b> (to&nbsp; easamobworkshop@gmail.com &nbsp;)The workshop&nbsp;invites papers that explore how ethnographers are responding to questions being raised in the study of mobility. 
In particular, the organisers are interested&nbsp;in the 'zones of awkward engagement' between mobility's methods and the production of ethnographic theory, and the ways in which ethnographies of movement may provide novel theoretical horizons for anthropology. Papers grappling with mobility at any scale and in both classic and unexpected settings are welcome.&nbsp;
For more details about the workshop, abstract submission, and registration, please visit the workshop page .&nbsp;]]></content:encoded>
         <category>Events</category>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Regional Focus: Europe</title>
         <link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ForcedMigrationCurrentAwareness/~3/SHwqWcZcq94/regional-focus-europe_15.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear:both;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0DdLZxotN5Y/UZOd0StD_qI/AAAAAAAAHtw/yvtAEYGmn3k/s1600/Save+Me+pub+cover.png&quot; style=&quot;clear:left;float:left;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;132&quot; src=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0DdLZxotN5Y/UZOd0StD_qI/AAAAAAAAHtw/yvtAEYGmn3k/s200/Save+Me+pub+cover.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Asylum Applicants and First Instance Decisions on Asylum Applications: 2012, Data in Focus, no. 5/2013 (Eurostat, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.emnbelgium.be/publication/asylum-applicants-and-first-instance-decisions-asylum-applications-2012-eurostat&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt; via EMN Belgium]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Asylum Seekers/Refugees' Orientations to Belonging, Identity &amp;amp; Integration into Britishness: Perceptions of the Role of the Mainstream and Community Press,&quot; &lt;i&gt;Observatorio (OBS*)&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 7, no. 1 (2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://obs.obercom.pt/index.php/obs/article/view/668&quot;&gt;full-text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A City Says Yes! Reflections on the Experiences of the &lt;i&gt;Save Me&lt;/i&gt; Campaign to Promote Refugee Resettlement in Germany (European Resettlement Network, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.resettlement.eu/news/launch-share-pro-asyl-publication-city-says-yes&quot;&gt;access&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
- Launch of publication at event promoting resettlement. &amp;nbsp;Follow link for text and event information.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Initial Observations by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Regional Representation for the Baltic and Nordic Countries on Law Proposal No. 579/Lp11 Amending the Asylum Law of the Republic of Latvia (UNHCR, May 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.refworld.org/docid/5191eb3c4.html&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Refugees in Serbia – Twenty Years Later,&quot; &lt;i&gt;Journal of the Geographical Institute &quot;Jovan Cvijić&quot; SASA&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 63, no. 1 (2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.gi.sanu.ac.rs/en/publications/journals/pdf/063_1/gijc_zr_63_1_005_kokotovic.pdf&quot;&gt;full-text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Social Networks, Social Capital and Refugee Integration (Nuffield Foundation, April 2013) [&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-social-sciences/social-policy/iris/2013/nuffield-refugees-integration-research-report.pdf&quot;&gt;text&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Tagged&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://fm-cab.blogspot.com/search/label/publications&quot; style=&quot;color:#2288bb;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;Publications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:white;color:#222222;font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</description>
         <author>EEM</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17446547.post-7046051894735313729</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 15 May 2013 10:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <media:thumbnail height="72" url="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0DdLZxotN5Y/UZOd0StD_qI/AAAAAAAAHtw/yvtAEYGmn3k/s72-c/Save+Me+pub+cover.png" width="72" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/"/>
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         <title>Merger of Europe’s human rights and equality bodies is on the agenda: good news or bad for migrants’ rights?</title>
         <link>http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/05/merger-of-europes-human-rights-and-equality-bodies-is-on-the-agenda-good-news-or-bad-for-migrants-rights/?utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=merger-of-europes-human-rights-and-equality-bodies-is-on-the-agenda-good-news-or-bad-for-migrants-rights</link>
         <description>By: Sarah Spencer, Senior Fellow The paucity of debate among migration researchers or civil society on the future of Europe’s National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) is surprising, given the attention otherwise given to migrants’ rights. This may be the time &amp;#8230; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/05/merger-of-europes-human-rights-and-equality-bodies-is-on-the-agenda-good-news-or-bad-for-migrants-rights/&quot;&gt;Continue reading &lt;span class=&quot;meta-nav&quot;&gt;&amp;#8594;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/?p=1069</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 14 May 2013 16:40:01 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>The new Latvian diaspora in the UK</title>
         <link>http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk//news/latest/article/date///the-new-latvian-diaspora-in-the-uk/</link>
         <description>Dace Dzenovska will be speaking at the House of Commons discussion on &quot;The new Latvian diaspora in...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 13 May 2013 16:15:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <content:encoded><![CDATA[Dace Dzenovska will be speaking at the House of Commons discussion on &quot;The new Latvian diaspora in the UK&quot; on&nbsp;14 May.&nbsp;
The discussion will take place 17:30-19:30 and is organised by the British-Latvian All-Parliamentary Group as part of the visit of the Saeima (Latvian Parliament)&nbsp;Group for Interparliamentary Relations with the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland.&nbsp;
The event will be opened by David Liddington, Minister of State for Europe, representing the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and by Valdis Liepins,&nbsp;Chairman of the Saeima Group for Interparliamentary Relations with the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland.&nbsp;
 Dace Dzenovksa ,&nbsp;Senior Researcher and Marie Curie Fellow at COMPAS, will be joined by Linda McDowell , Department of Geography, University of Oxford.&nbsp;
The event is by invitation only.&nbsp;]]></content:encoded>
         <category>Events</category>
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         <title>Franck Düvell speaks in Turkey for Europe Week</title>
         <link>http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk//news/latest/article/date///franck-duevell-speaks-in-turkey-for-europe-week/</link>
         <description>On 6 May, Franck Düvell was invited as keynote speaker to the opening ceremony of the 6th Europe...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 13 May 2013 10:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <content:encoded><![CDATA[On 6 May, Franck Düvell was invited as keynote speaker to the opening ceremony of the 6th Europe Week at Yasar University , Istanbul, Turkey.
The Europe week attracts around 55 lecturers from 14 European countries and is organised under the EU's Erasmus programme. Franck&nbsp;talked about 'Europe, Social Change and Migration: the Case of Turkey'.
On Thursday, 9 May, he gave an additional seminar in the European Studies department at Yasar University on 'Migration between Turkey and the UK: myths and realities'. The seminar was also addressed by former MEP Ceyhun, leading Turkish migration researcher Ahmet Icduygu from Koc university, Istanbul, and the director of the new migration research centre at Hacetteppe University, Ankara, Murat Erdogan.&nbsp;
The seminar discussed the latest developments in EU-Turkey relations, the findings from the Euro Turk Barometer and changes over Turkish foreign policy over time.]]></content:encoded>
         <category>Events</category>
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         <title>Ending rights, supporting rights -  What’s best for the future of immigration policy?</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/05/ending-rights-supporting-rights-what-s-best-future-immigration-policy</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-subtitle&quot;&gt;
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                    The coalition government wants less rights and less migration.  Employers hint at less rights but want more migration.  And others, including the European Commission, say rights are just what is needed to encourage people to migrate in security.  Confused?  You need not be....         &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	Just one day after the government sets out its &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/05/queens-speech-signals-new-immigration-bill-its-way&quot;&gt;proposals&lt;/a&gt; to continue to bear down on immigration in the Queen&amp;rsquo;s speech the European Commission comes up &amp;nbsp;with a set of proposals which are intended to pull policy in another direction altogether.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2653 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 09 May 2013 11:42:58 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Landlords or Border Guards?</title>
         <link>http://www.jcwi.org.uk/blog/2013/05/08/landlords-or-border-guards</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;image-blog alignleft&quot; title=&quot;&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jcwi.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/blog/public/img/_61236476_compositefinal%5B1%5D.jpg&quot;/&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1790 at http://www.jcwi.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 08 May 2013 16:35:52 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Queen's Speech signals a new Immigration Bill is on its way</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/05/queens-speech-signals-new-immigration-bill-its-way</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-subtitle&quot;&gt;
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                    Today we learned that Government is preparing a new Immigration Bill - despite ministers&amp;#039; acknowledgement that much of the detail behind the headlines is still missing...
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/8720773940/&quot; title=&quot;The Queen&amp;#x002019;s Speech by UK Parliament, on Flickr&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;The Queen&amp;#x002019;s Speech&quot; src=&quot;http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7332/8720773940_77535f661f_z.jpg&quot; width=&quot;660&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2652 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 08 May 2013 15:24:38 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>UKIP has an advantage that is not based on concrete policy proposals</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/05/ukip-has-advantage-not-based-concrete-policy-proposals</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-subtitle&quot;&gt;
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                    The aftermath of the UKIP surge in the polls in the local elections has led to a lot of soul searching in mainstream politics. To the detriment of the Conservative Party whilst also hacking away at both the support of the Labour and Liberal Democrats parties, UKIP emerged as the third most popular party in Britain today.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	But a lot has to be said for the state parliament finds itself in 2013. In 2008, the UK entered its longest and harshest economic crisis in 60 years, mainly caused by an unhinged financial sector. Economic growth has been almost non-existent since then.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2651 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 07 May 2013 11:58:24 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Stuck in traffic: How helpful is the trafficking framework?</title>
         <link>http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/05/stuck-in-traffic-how-helpful-is-the-trafficking-framework/?utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=stuck-in-traffic-how-helpful-is-the-trafficking-framework</link>
         <description>By: Bridget Anderson, Professor of Migration and Citizenship and Deputy Director of COMPAS ‘Trafficking’ seems to extend the audience of those engaged with the human rights of migrants. Even those who are not usually sympathetic to the plight of undocumented &amp;#8230; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/05/stuck-in-traffic-how-helpful-is-the-trafficking-framework/&quot;&gt;Continue reading &lt;span class=&quot;meta-nav&quot;&gt;&amp;#8594;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/?p=1048</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 07 May 2013 11:21:58 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>The Politics of Immigration and Xenophobia - keynote speech by Habib Rahman, Chief Exec JCWI</title>
         <link>http://www.jcwi.org.uk/blog/2013/05/07/politics-immigration-and-xenophobia-keynote-speech-habib-rahman-chief-exec-jcwi</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;image-blog alignleft&quot; title=&quot;&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jcwi.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/blog/public/img/habib.jpg&quot;/&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Habib Rahman’s keynote speech at Oxford Migration Studies Society conference on 4 May 2013&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1788 at http://www.jcwi.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 07 May 2013 11:20:42 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Broken borders or bankrupt policy?</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/05/broken-borders-or-bankrupt-policy</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-subtitle&quot;&gt;
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                    The populist surge of UKIP is encouraging the belief that migration across borders can be brought under control by an act of steely determination on the part of government. This is a big mistake. &amp;quot;Effective management&amp;quot; of migration will remain an impossible dream until we face up to the reality of what is really driving the movement of people.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.flickr.com/photos/dgeezer/2367210796/&quot; title=&quot;Heathrow T5 - queues by diamond geezer, on Flickr&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Heathrow T5 - queues&quot; height=&quot;480&quot; src=&quot;http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2141/2367210796_e01ebcaf28_z.jpg&quot; width=&quot;660&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Why have successive British governments, apparently, made such a hash at administering immigration control policy?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	The word &amp;lsquo;apparently&amp;rsquo; is important because of the difficulty in knowing by what standards we are measuring the success. The high level of discontent which shows up in public opinion surveys, with 70% of respondents regularly expressing dismay at the state of border controls, suggest that all is in disarray and we are truly living in a country with &amp;lsquo;broken borders.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2648 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 07 May 2013 09:51:43 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Watch ERPUM workshop live</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/watch-erpum-workshop-live</link>
         <description>Watch today's workshop on 'The deportation of unaccompanied minors from the EU: family-tracing...</description>
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         <pubDate>Fri, 03 May 2013 12:11:39 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Taking popularity seriously</title>
         <link>http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/05/taking-popularity-seriously/?utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=taking-popularity-seriously</link>
         <description>By: Bastian Vollmer, Research Officer and Leverhulme Fellow The horrifying incident of Jose Matada, who recently fell to his death from the undercarriage of an aeroplane , spurred me to click through the online newspaper landscape in the UK. Reading about &amp;#8230; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/05/taking-popularity-seriously/&quot;&gt;Continue reading &lt;span class=&quot;meta-nav&quot;&gt;&amp;#8594;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/?p=1037</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2013 09:27:39 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Screening to a Packed House</title>
         <link>http://www.jcwi.org.uk/blog/2013/04/30/screening-packed-house</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;image-blog alignleft&quot; title=&quot;&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jcwi.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/blog/public/img/Intothefire3_0.jpg&quot;/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Monday’s public premiere of Into The Fire was a resounding success. A packed lecture theatre in the School of Oriental and African Studies watched the film and hear from the film makers Guy Smallman and Kate Mara, Habib Rahman, Chief Exec of JCWI and one of the refugees featured in the film.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1787 at http://www.jcwi.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2013 16:32:19 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>New issue of Forced Migration Review: Sexual orientation and gender identity and the protection of forced migrants</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/new-issue-of-forced-migration-review</link>
         <description>Forced Migration Review issue 42, on ‘Sexual orientation and gender identity and the...</description>
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         <pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2013 10:51:20 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Roger Zetter joins Gold Mercury's International Advisory Board</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/roger-zetter-joins-gold-mercurys-international-advisory-board</link>
         <description>Emeritus Professor Roger Zetter has joined the International Advisory Board of Gold Mercury, an...</description>
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         <pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2013 10:44:01 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Standing our Ground and Looking Ahead: Annual Report 2012</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/04/standing-our-ground-and-looking-ahead-annual-report-2012</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-subtitle&quot;&gt;
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                    We’ve launched our 2012 annual report last week with a private view and drinks reception at 19 Princelet Street - Britain’s Museum of Immigration and Diversity. Here&amp;#039;s what kept us busy in 2012.         &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
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	&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;img-left&quot; height=&quot;440&quot; src=&quot;http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/files/IMG_1132_0.JPG&quot; title=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;660&quot;/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
	2012 has been another exciting year for the MRN team. We&amp;rsquo;ve been busier than ever. Putting together an annual report always offers an organisation a great time to reflect on the path walked and the road ahead. This is why we decided to call our report &amp;ldquo;Standing our Ground and Looking Ahead.&amp;rdquo; (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/publications&quot;&gt;download the PDF&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2635 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 29 Apr 2013 14:18:52 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Will the inquiry into asylum support investigate the new accommodation contracts?</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2013/will-inquiry-asylum-support-investigate-new-accommodation-contracts</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-migration-pulse-subtitle&quot;&gt;
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                    The Home Affairs Committee’s inquiry into asylum is now underway, with almost 100 written submissions in front of it. Will it properly question the basis on which asylum accommodation is now provided?        &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-author-reports&quot;&gt;
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                    John Perry        &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;
	The Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF) and the Housing and Migration Network (HMN), in their &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/jrf-consultation-inquiry-asylum&quot;&gt;evidence to the inquiry&lt;/a&gt;, focused on housing issues. These included the contracts through which asylum seekers receive accommodation and support, and also destitution and homelessness among asylum seekers, often caused by failure of the systems intended to protect them.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2629 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 29 Apr 2013 10:14:10 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Melanie Griffiths tackles temporal uncertainties</title>
         <link>http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk//news/latest/article/date///melanie-griffiths-tackles-temporal-uncertainties/</link>
         <description>A new working paper by Melanie Griffiths considers how a recognition of time can provide insights...</description>
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         <pubDate>Fri, 26 Apr 2013 09:45:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <content:encoded><![CDATA[A new working paper by Melanie Griffiths considers how a recognition of time can provide insights into understanding mobility and experiences of being deportable.
 &quot;Frenzied, Decelerating and Suspended: the Temporal Uncertainties of Failed Asylum Seekers and Immigration Detainees&quot; &nbsp;draws on ethnographic research conducted with undocumented immigrants and immigration detainees in the UK.&nbsp;
It argues that deportable migrants suffer from the instability and precarity created by living with a dual uncertainty of time, one that is simultaneously endless and unpredictable.]]></content:encoded>
         <category>Publications</category>
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         <title>Düvell on the facts of Romanian and Bulgarian migration to the UK</title>
         <link>http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk//news/latest/article/date///duevell-on-the-facts-of-romanian-and-bulgarian-migration-to-the-uk/</link>
         <description>In an article for Open Democracy's &quot;Our Kingdom&quot; Franck Düvell explores the facts behind the fear...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 25 Apr 2013 09:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <content:encoded><![CDATA[In an article for Open&nbsp;Democracy's &quot;Our Kingdom&quot; Franck Düvell explores the facts behind the fear of Romanian and Bulgarian migration to the UK.
The article &quot;Romanian and Bulgarian migration to Britain: facts behind the fear&quot; Franck considers the actual expected impact of the lifted restrictions on migration from A2 countries. 
He raises issues of historical context, migration potential and actual numbers, what countries migrants would actually choose to go to,&nbsp;and&nbsp;whether migrants would actually (as feared by many) come to the UK to&nbsp;claim benefits.&nbsp;&nbsp;]]></content:encoded>
         <category>Publications</category>
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         <title>The Oxford Migration Studies Society: Conference News</title>
         <link>http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/04/the-oxford-migration-studies-society-conference-news/?utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=the-oxford-migration-studies-society-conference-news</link>
         <description>By: Ka-Kin Cheuk, D.Phil Student, COMPAS and President, Oxford Migration Studies Society Launched in 2008, The Oxford Migration Studies Society (OMSS) is a student-run organisation that aims to create an Oxford-wide community through promoting interdisciplinary scholarship and interest in migration studies &amp;#8230; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/2013/04/the-oxford-migration-studies-society-conference-news/&quot;&gt;Continue reading &lt;span class=&quot;meta-nav&quot;&gt;&amp;#8594;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://compasoxfordblog.co.uk/?p=1027</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 23 Apr 2013 11:22:23 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>What does Lord Ashcroft's latest analysis on migrant voters mean for the Tories?</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/04/what-does-lord-ashcrofts-latest-analysis-migrant-voters-mean-tories</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-subtitle&quot;&gt;
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                    Lord Ashcroft’s latest analysis of Black Minority Ethnic (BME) voting intentions will not come as much of a surprise to political parties. It finds, unsurprisingly, that the BME vote is still at home with the Labour Party and the Conservatives will struggle to pull that apart in 2015. 
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
	Ashcroft&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://lordashcroftpolls.com/2013/04/45-years-on-do-ethnic-minorities-remember-rivers-of-blood/?utm_source=rss&amp;amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;amp;utm_campaign=45-years-on-do-ethnic-minorities-remember-rivers-of-blood&amp;amp;utm_source=Lord+Ashcroft+Polls&amp;amp;utm_campaign=87edabade4-RSS_&quot;&gt;investigation&lt;/a&gt; comes on the back of long-running post-2010 analysis to understand why just 16% of the BME vote in the last general election went to the Conservative party.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2620 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 22 Apr 2013 12:44:08 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>It’s time to stop: transitional restrictions on the right to work push Romanians and Bulgarians into precarious situations</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2013/it-s-time-stop-transitional-restrictions-right-work-push-romanians-and-bulgaria</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-migration-pulse-subtitle&quot;&gt;
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            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    It is unlikely that ending transitional arrangements will encourage hordes of foreign nationals to immigrate to our rainy shores. But it will mean one less barrier for people who want to earn a decent living and contribute to our society.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-author-reports&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Lea Sitkin        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	Migrants are over-represented in &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.geog.qmul.ac.uk/globalcities/wpaper2.pdf&quot;&gt;poor-quality jobs&lt;/a&gt;. Politicians tend to focus on the spectre of the unscrupulous employer when &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2013/mar/05/labour-crackdown-employers-exploiting-migrants&quot;&gt;discussing foreign workers&amp;rsquo; exploitation&lt;/a&gt;. This discourse leaves out the central role of the state in defining the &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://wes.sagepub.com/content/24/2/300.full.pdf&quot;&gt;employment options available to migrant workers&lt;/a&gt; and the possibilities for addressing exploitation when and where it occurs.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2618 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 22 Apr 2013 12:05:03 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Into The Fire</title>
         <link>http://www.jcwi.org.uk/blog/2013/04/21/fire</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;JCWI is delighted to host Into The Fire on our website. We are co-hosting three public screenings of the film, to which you are warmly invited. Each screening will also have a Q&amp;amp;A with one of the film makers and a guest speaker&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1785 at http://www.jcwi.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Sun, 21 Apr 2013 21:06:53 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>BID report on migrant children highlights the damage caused by dividing families</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/04/bid-report-migrant-children-highlights-damage-caused-dividing-families</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Wednesday night&amp;#039;s launch of the latest report from Bail for Immigration Detainees took place at a packed meeting in Parliament. It was an encouraging sign that the toxic debate on immigration has not damped commitment to speak up for the rights of children affected by immigration controls.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	The issues raised by the BID report should make for uncomfortable reading by the authorities.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.biduk.org/162/bid-research-reports/bid-research-reports.html&quot;&gt;Fractured Childhoods: the separation of families by immigration detention&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;draws on BID research with clients between 2009 and 2012, and tracks the impacts of separation of parents from children as a result of immigration detention.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2614 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2013 15:28:58 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>New COMPAS Working Papers in 2013</title>
         <link>http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk//news/latest/article/date///new-compas-working-papers-in-2013/</link>
         <description>Two new COMPAS Working Papers have been published so far in 2013.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2013 11:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <content:encoded><![CDATA[Two new COMPAS Working Papers have been published so far&nbsp;in 2013.&nbsp;
 &quot;The Christianisation of Afghan and Iranian transit migrants in Istanbul: encounters at the biopolitical border&quot; by Shoshana Fine ,&nbsp;CERI, Sciences Po, Paris,&nbsp;explores how border control regimes are linked to the local condition of the Christian conversion of Afghan and Iranian 'transit migrants' in Istanbul.
 Reza Hasmath ,&nbsp;School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies,&nbsp;University of Oxford,&nbsp;&nbsp;has submitted the Working Paper &quot;Deterring the 'Boat People': Explaining the Australian Government’s People Swap Response to Asylum Seekers&quot; . This paper seeks to explain why the Australian government has taken a tough stance on 'boat people', through an analysis of the People Swap response. The findings support the view that Australia’s asylum seeker policy agenda is driven by populism, wedge politics and a culture of control.]]></content:encoded>
         <category>Publications</category>
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         <title>Special screening of award-winning documentary 'Nowhere Home'</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/special-screening-of-award-winning-documentary-nowhere-home</link>
         <description>On Tuesday 30 April the  Oxford Institute of Social Policy (OISP) , in collaboration...</description>
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         <pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2013 09:44:30 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Surinder Singh and Family Unity</title>
         <link>http://www.jcwi.org.uk/blog/2013/04/19/surinder-singh-and-family-unity</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;image-blog alignleft&quot; title=&quot;&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jcwi.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/blog/public/img/7818479-map-of-european-union-with-flag-of-eu-isolated-on-white-3d-illustration%5B1%5D.jpg&quot;/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1784 at http://www.jcwi.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2013 07:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Spencer examines human rights and equality bodies</title>
         <link>http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk//news/latest/article/date///spencer-examines-human-rights-and-equality-bodies/</link>
         <description>A new article by Sarah Spencer and Colin Harvey compares six statutory human rights and equality...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 18 Apr 2013 14:16:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <content:encoded><![CDATA[A new article by Sarah Spencer and Colin Harvey compares six statutory human rights and equality bodies in the UK and Ireland,&nbsp;exploring the range of factors that shape their performance.
The article &quot;Context, institution or accountability? Exploring the factors that shape the performance of national human rights and equality bodies&quot; is published in the latest edition of&nbsp; Policy &amp; Politics (2013, ISSN 0305-5736, Online ISSN: 1470-8442)
 Sarah Spencer , COMPAS Senior Fellow, and Colin Harvey , Queen's&nbsp;University Belfast, argue that developing an understanding of the factors that shape the performance of statutory human rights and equality bodies is fundamental to debates on the establishment, reform or merger of such bodies at the national, international and European and levels.]]></content:encoded>
         <category>Publications</category>
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         <title>What was Thatcher’s legacy on immigration?</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/04/what-was-thatcher-s-legacy-immigration</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    There has been widespread public and political debate following the death of Margaret Thatcher last week about her political legacy and the impacts of the economic and social reforms she introduced.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	Parliament was recalled during the Easter recess to allow MPs and Peers to pay tribute to the longest serving British Prime Minister since the Second World War. There was little mention of her work on immigration in the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.theyworkforyou.com/lords/?id=2013-04-10a.1127.0&amp;amp;s&quot;&gt;House of Lords&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;tributes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2601 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2013 12:50:23 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Migration does not provide a reason to cut social welfare benefits – but it does explain why we should all work together for decent jobs</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2013/04/migration-does-not-provide-reason-cut-social-welfare-benefits-if-does-explain-why-we-sh</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    We are told that welfare benefits need to be cut in order to push natives into the sort of jobs migrants are now doing. This dangerous logic will impoverish even more people, and there IS an alternative.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	Migrants seem to be so deeply implicated in all the problems of the welfare state that it seems surprising that no one has yet seen fit to blame them for the new ceiling on total amount of cash benefits that people can receive which is being &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22148764&quot;&gt;rolled out from today&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2600 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2013 11:52:50 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Ruhs calls for global migrant rights database</title>
         <link>http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk//news/latest/article/date///ruhs-calls-for-global-migrant-rights-database/</link>
         <description>Martin Ruhs has written a background paper on &quot;Towards a post-2015 development agenda: What role...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 12 Apr 2013 14:32:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <content:encoded><![CDATA[Martin Ruhs &nbsp;has written a background paper on &quot;Towards a post-2015 development agenda: What role for migrant rights and international labour migration?&quot; &nbsp;for the new European Development Report 2013 published this week.
In his paper, Martin calls for the creation of a global migrant rights database that could be used for systematic analysis of migrant rights restrictions for different groups of migrants, both across and within countries. 
For more analysis of migrant rights, labour migration and development, see Martin’s forthcoming book on The Price of Rights. Regulating International Labor Migration (Princeton University Press, Aug 2013). &nbsp;]]></content:encoded>
         <category>Publications</category>
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         <title>Vacancy: Part-time Communications Assistant (Ref: 107537)</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/vacancy-part-time-communications-assistant-ref-107537</link>
         <description>Oxford Department of International Development, Queen Elizabeth House, 3 Mansfield Road...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 12 Apr 2013 14:31:04 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Xiang Biao is awarded William L. Holland Prize</title>
         <link>http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk//news/latest/article/date///xiang-biao-is-awarded-william-l-holland-prize/</link>
         <description>Xiang Biao won the eleventh William L. Holland Prize for best article published in Volume 85 (2012)...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 11 Apr 2013 15:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <content:encoded><![CDATA[Xiang Biao won the eleventh William L. Holland Prize for best article published in Volume 85 (2012) of Pacific Affairs. 
The award was won for his article 'Predatory Princes and Princeley Peddlers: The State and International Labour Migration Intermediaries in China' (Volume 85 No.1, 47-68).
The article was hailed as&nbsp;“a sterling combination of in-depth ethnographic research and theoretical sophistication…the rich fieldwork contributes new knowledge for specialists of China, while the argument provides a refinement of and a challenge to the existing analyses of not only migration brokers but also state-society relations.”&nbsp;
For more information, see www.pacificaffairs.ubc.ca/announcements/holland-prize/]]></content:encoded>
         <category>Publications</category>
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         <title>Into The Fire - refugees and migrants in Greece</title>
         <link>http://www.jcwi.org.uk/blog/2013/04/11/fire-refugees-and-migrants-greece</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;image-blog alignleft&quot; title=&quot;&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jcwi.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/blog/public/img/Intothefire3.jpg&quot;/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;JCWI are working alongside video activists from &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://reelnews.co.uk/&quot;&gt;Reel News&lt;/a&gt; to help gain the widest audience possible for their new film &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://intothefire.org/&quot;&gt;Into The Fire&lt;/a&gt;. The film is thoughtfully made and brilliantly put together but makes, in places, for somewhat uncomfortable viewing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1783 at http://www.jcwi.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 11 Apr 2013 14:33:24 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Finally a solution for the stateless – Welcoming new Immigration Rules</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2013/finally-solution-stateless-welcoming-new-immigration-rules</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-migration-pulse-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Following a significant amount of negotiation and behind the scenes dialogue with counterparts in the UK Home Office, new Immigration Rules effective from 6 April 2013 introduced a dedicated UK statelessness determination procedure which offers a lifeline to stateless migrants.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-author-reports&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Chris Nash        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	Back in November 2011 Asylum Aid and UNHCR published their joint study &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.asylumaid.org.uk/data/files/publications/mapping_statelessness.pdf&quot;&gt;Mapping Statelessness in the United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;. Over the course of a year we mapped the number and profile of stateless persons in the UK and sought to put a human face on their situation by conducting interviews across the country. We also examined the UK&amp;rsquo;s legal obligations to stateless persons under international law and analysed the impact of current policy and practice. Based on these findings our report made recommendations for reform, most notably calling for the introduction of a dedicated UK statelessness determination procedure.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2590 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 09 Apr 2013 15:20:10 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>How voluntary is voluntary return?</title>
         <link>http://heindehaas.blogspot.com/2013/04/how-voluntary-is-voluntary-migration.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;Governments and international organizations often stress how voluntary the return of involuntary migrants is. This begs an important question: what is voluntary? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you are an undocumented migrant from sub-Sahara Africa living in Morocco or in Libya, and if you have been beaten up, or raped, by the police, are refused entry into hospitals, cannot send your children to school, or if you are starving, or fear to&amp;nbsp;get &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;https://www.mamfakinch.com/vague-darrestations-contre-les-militants-subsahariens-dernieres-mises-a-jours/&quot;&gt;arrested or arbitrarily imprisoned&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;or &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/12711/maroc-expulsions-clandestins-algerie-membre.html&quot;&gt;deported&lt;/a&gt;, you may at some point decide that you want to go back home, or to move on to a safer, more hospitable country.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And, indeed, if the opportunity is offered, you may accept an airfare offered by a government or the International Organization for Migration (IOM).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that sense, any decision to return can be seen as voluntary. But, in this view, most refugees should also be seen as voluntary migrants. After all, we can say that their decision to leave has been 'voluntary', as they could have stayed indeed, to 'voluntarily'&amp;nbsp; face abuse, imprisonment, or death. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course this is a morally unacceptable way of reasoning. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, stressing the 'voluntary' element of return decisions is often a discursive strategy to conceal the role of abuse and fear in compelling people to take such decisions. The point is that governments are often responsible for creating such fears through either not protecting people against abuse and discrimination or through active persecution and harassment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://heindehaas.blogspot.co.uk/2012/10/ioms-dubious-mission-in-morocco.html?showComment=1350292660401#c7012033288105939052&quot;&gt;comment&lt;/a&gt; on my blogpost &quot;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://heindehaas.blogspot.co.uk/2012/10/ioms-dubious-mission-in-morocco.html&quot;&gt;IOM's dubious mission in Morocco&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, Anke Strauss, Chief of Mission of IOM Morocco, wrote that: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;The situation of irregular migrants .... has recently become tougher as a  result of the Moroccan government’s legitimate drive against crime. As a result,  IOM and its partners, including UNHCR, MSF and Caritas have witnessed an  increasing vulnerability of irregular migrants in Morocco as well as a sharp  increase in the number of individuals requesting voluntary return and  reintegration assistance.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To me, this is quite a puzzling statement.&amp;nbsp;On the one hand, it seems to be in line with my argument that the presumed increase in people wanting to return is the result of increased racist violence and abuse of migrants rights by the Moroccan government. This why I doubt the moral justification of such return programmes as they, despite their 'humanitarian' veneer of pretending to help miserable migrants, in fact sanction racist abuse and the lack of protection of migrant rights by governments. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the same time there is the curious, and worrying, reference to the Moroccan&amp;nbsp;government's 'legitimate drive against crime'. What is suggested here? That sub-Saharan migrants are responsible for rising crime, and that this would legitimate Morocco's abuse of migrant rights? I hope this is not the case, but I just find it difficult to read it in a different way. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Such statements wittingly or unwittingly buy into and justify the discourses of some Moroccan politicians (see &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://atmf.org/ODT-Travailleurs-Immigres-au-Maroc&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for instance) and media to scapegoat sub-Saharan migrants for problems as unemployment and crime, or even to literally represent them as the '&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2012/11/09/pourquoi-le-peril-noir-de-maroc-hebdo-provoque-l-indignation&quot;&gt;Black Peril&lt;/a&gt;'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let me be clear: I am not necessarily questioning the good intentions of agencies like the IOM. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But, as we all know, the road to hell is paved with good intentions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It obviously everybody's plight to help people whose lives and freedoms are threatened in extreme situations of crisis and war. This can involve helping people to flee out of dangerous situation. This is what IOM and UNHCR have been doing in the wake of the Libyan crisis (see this &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://heindehaas.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/african-invasion-that-did-not-happen.html&quot;&gt;blogpost&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, this is something else than sanctioning governments' abuse of migrant rights by collecting funding for costly return programmes (instead of defending migrants' right) or, worse,&amp;nbsp;to buy into racist government discourses. &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <author>Hein de Haas</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6661503369345934670.post-5475698914295086278</guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 05 Apr 2013 07:46:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Migration Flows of A8 and other EU Migrants to and from the UK</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/migration-flows-a8-and-other-eu-migrants-and-uk</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;3rd April 2013&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-next-update-date&quot;&gt;
        03/04/2014  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Carlos Vargas-Silva  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This briefing discusses migration of &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; title=&quot;Economic and political union of 27 member states. The member states are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.&quot;&gt;European Union&lt;/a&gt; (EU) citizens (excluding British citizens) to and from the UK. A special focus of the briefing is on &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; title=&quot;The eight East European countries that joined the European Union in May 2004 (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia).&quot;&gt;A8&lt;/a&gt; citizens – citizens of eight countries that joined the EU in May 2004 (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) and A2 citizens – citizens of the two countries that joined the European Union (EU) in January 2007 (Bulgaria and Romania).&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h2&gt;Key points&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">369 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 03 Apr 2013 10:44:15 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Missing the point on migrants and housing</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2013/missing-point-migrants-and-housing</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-migration-pulse-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    David Cameron’s plans to curtail migrants’ rights to social housing have the appearance of being thought up quickly and not thought through properly. There are much better ways to increase the availability of homes to UK-born applicants.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-author-reports&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    John Perry        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
		&amp;lsquo;New migrants should not expect to be given a home on arrival.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	What was in the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s mind when he put these words into his &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.publicfinance.co.uk/news/2013/03/cameron-to-limit-eu-migrants-rights-to-housing-and-benefits/&quot;&gt;speech on Monday&lt;/a&gt;?&amp;nbsp; Was it that he really thinks new migrants arrive expecting to walk straight into a council house? Or does he think that, whether they expect to or not, new migrants could easily get such a house, presumably ahead of others in the queue? And does he therefore believe that the housing crisis can at least partly be blamed on new migrants?&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2569 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 02 Apr 2013 11:20:01 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Missed Out campaign: success &amp; the future</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2013/missed-out-campaign-success-future</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-migration-pulse-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Missed Out campaign to bring the rights of women in the asylum system in line with those of other women in the UK was a success. We secured the commitments for which we had worked. But promises have been made before, so this is not the end of Missed Out, but rather the impetus for its next phase.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-author-reports&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Debora Singer        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	Writing for &lt;em&gt;Migration Pulse&lt;/em&gt; six months ago, I &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2012/missed-out-asylum-aid-launches-new-campaign&quot;&gt;asked&lt;/a&gt; whether the government could any longer justify its treatment of women seeking asylum, who have been abandoned from the basic rights guaranteed to all other women in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2568 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 02 Apr 2013 11:01:26 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Coalition policies set people against each other</title>
         <link>http://www.jcwi.org.uk/blog/2013/03/28/coalition-policies-set-people-against-each-other</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;image-blog alignleft&quot; title=&quot;&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jcwi.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/blog/public/img/David-Cameron-001%5B1%5D.jpg&quot;/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Loathe as we are to add to the reams of comments on David Cameron’s speech on Monday and Theresa May’s announcement on the end of UKBA, we do have onr or two things to say.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1780 at http://www.jcwi.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 28 Mar 2013 11:45:06 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>New faces and farewells at the Centre</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/new-faces-and-farewells</link>
         <description>Dr Nando Sigona has joined the University of Birmingham. For over a decade the RSC has...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 20 Mar 2013 16:19:40 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Turkish Migration, the EU and the UK</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2013/turkish-migration-eu-and-uk</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-migration-pulse-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    The UK government has strongly backed Turkey’s accession to the European Union in recent years. While last month, German Chancellor Angela Merkel backed French calls to re-start EU accession talks. Yet immigration remains a major concern for Western governments, which raises the questions about Turkey’s status as a source of immigration. As EU-Turkey talks restart, this is likely to remain an important issue in the coming months.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-author-reports&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Ibrahim Sirkeci        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	Immigration is making people and governments anxious around the world. The UK is also plagued with &amp;ndash; often negative &amp;ndash; debates on immigration. The largest and visible immigrant groups are taking the lion share of this scaremongering discourse. Immigrants from Turkey represent significant minorities in Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, and Switzerland but not in the UK. Out of a total diaspora population of around 5 million, only 91,115 Turkish-born are reported to be in the UK according to the 2011 census.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2527 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 14 Mar 2013 11:07:07 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Religion and Global Migrations – new book series announced</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/religion-and-global-migrations-2013-new-book-series-announced</link>
         <description>Dr Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh (RSC Departmental Lecturer in Forced Migration), former RSC Visiting...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 12 Mar 2013 17:50:09 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Yvette Cooper questioned on Family Immigration Restrictions</title>
         <link>http://www.jcwi.org.uk/blog/2013/03/07/yvette-cooper-questioned-family-immigration-restrictions</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;image-blog alignleft&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jcwi.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/blog/public/img/Yvette-Cooper-speaking-at-007.jpg&quot; title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;Just a short post. Yvette Cooper, the shadow home secretary made a keynote speech on immigration this morning at the Institute for Public Policy Research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1776 at http://www.jcwi.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 07 Mar 2013 14:56:30 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The APPG Investigates - again!</title>
         <link>http://www.jcwi.org.uk/blog/2013/03/07/appg-investigates-again</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;image-blog alignleft&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jcwi.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/blog/public/img/APPG2.JPG&quot; title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;The second session of verbal evidence to the APPG inquiry on the family immigration restrictions of July 9 2012 happened on Monday.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Present on the panel were: Sarah Teather (Lib Dem MP), Baroness Hamwee (Lib Dem Peer), Virendra Sharma (Labour MP), Kate Green (Labour MP) and Lord Teveson (Lib Dem Peer). This time the panel of expert witnesses (&lt;em&gt;pictured&lt;/em&gt;) submitting evidence were:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1775 at http://www.jcwi.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 07 Mar 2013 08:00:43 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Invisible women: How gaps in UK law endanger EU citizens and their family members when they flee domestic violence</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2013/invisible-women-how-gaps-uk-law-endanger-eu-citizens-and-their-family-members-w</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-migration-pulse-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Scores of domestic violence victims who are living in the UK under EU law have been unable to get the emergency help they need due to gaps in the UK&amp;#039;s immigration and benfits legislation. The Department for Work and Pensions has already taken a small step toward addressing the problem, but it remains up to the Home Office to provide a real solution. A few straightforward amendments would suffice, but we&amp;#039;re still waiting        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-author-reports&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Sarah St Vincent        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	Thanks to UK immigration law, Sabrina&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#_edn1&quot; name=&quot;_ednref1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[i]&lt;/a&gt;, a domestic violence victim in Bristol, found herself in one of the most difficult and dangerous situations a migrant can ever face. A Portuguese citizen, she had come to the UK several years earlier to find work in order to support her young son, who remained behind with her relatives. Eventually, the four-year-old boy came to join her, living with her and her partner.&amp;nbsp; Her partner, who was Spanish, looked after the child while Sabrina worked. Everything seemed to be fine&amp;mdash;but it wasn&amp;rsquo;t.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2501 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 12:15:07 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Telegraph Twist: Let's do justice to crime figures</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2013/telegraph-twist-lets-do-justice-crime-figures</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-migration-pulse-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    A recent Daily Telegraph article misrepresented crime figures on Romanian nationals in the UK. Is this a display of poor numerical skills, little understanding of crime and immigration data, or simply bad faith? One thing is clear: the inaccurate information published will only contribute to dangerous stereotyping.        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-author-reports&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Eliza Galos        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	Last week &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/9896121/up-to-one-in-three-romanians-arrested-figures-show.html&quot;&gt;The Telegraph&lt;/a&gt; published an article whose headline mentioned bluntly that &amp;quot;up to&amp;quot; a third of Romanian nationals in the UK were arrested. It is not the first time this type of statement was put forward and a past &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2011/07/sensationalism-wrong-and-stokes-prejudice-against-migrants&quot;&gt;Migration Pulse&lt;/a&gt; contribution has already highlighted this trend. Nevertheless, it was surprising to notice a broadsheet&amp;rsquo;s use of a typical tabloid headline. Actually, the same Romanian crime &amp;quot;news&amp;quot; was found in a more virulent &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/380512/how-romanian-criminals-terrorise-our-streets&quot;&gt;Daily Express&lt;/a&gt; article.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2500 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 11:15:17 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>RSC Newsletter Spring 2013: RSC celebrates 30th anniversary and two other milestones</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/rsc-newsletter-spring-2013</link>
         <description>This article was written for the RSC Newsletter Spring 2013  now available to download...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 20 Feb 2013 09:00:59 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Daily Express: Inflaming A2 Fears</title>
         <link>http://www.jcwi.org.uk/blog/2013/02/19/daily-express-inflaming-a2-fears</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;image-blog alignleft&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jcwi.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/blog/public/img/2012-09-12.jpg&quot; title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1773 at http://www.jcwi.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2013 12:15:24 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Fiscal Impact of Immigration in the UK</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/fiscal-impact-immigration-uk</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;19th February 2013&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-next-update-date&quot;&gt;
        19/02/2014  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Carlos Vargas-Silva  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This briefing explores the conceptual and methodological issues related to estimating the fiscal impact of immigration and provides an overview of the existing estimates for the UK and other countries. &lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h2&gt;Key Points&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The net fiscal impact of immigration is typically estimated as the difference between the taxes and other contributions migrants make to public finances and the costs of the public benefits and services they receive. This impact depends on the characteristics of migrants, their impacts on the labour market and the characteristics and rules of the welfare system, among other factors.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">370 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2013 11:22:58 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Limited places still available for Palestine short course and International Summer School – apply online today</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/limited-places-still-available-for-short-course-and-summer-school</link>
         <description>A limited number of places are still available for the RSC short course on  Palestine...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 15 Feb 2013 12:46:39 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Migration to the UK: Asylum</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/migration-uk-asylum</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;13th February 2013&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-next-update-date&quot;&gt;
        13/02/2014  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Scott Blinder  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This briefing sets out key facts and figures, as well as information gaps, relating to the number of asylum seekers applying to stay in the UK, who these asylum seekers are, how many are rejected, what the overall impacts of asylum seekers are on UK migration statistics and what happens to asylum seekers after their applications have been processed.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h2&gt;Key points&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asylum applications (excluding dependents) rose from 4,256 in 1987 to a peak of 84,130 in 2002, and then declined to 19,865 in 2011.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asylum applicants and their dependents comprised an estimated 7% of net migration in 2011, down from 49% in 2002, but up from 4% in 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp2&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In 2011, 33% of asylum applications were accepted initially.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp3&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The majority of asylum seekers are men, while their dependents are mostly children, with some adult women.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">367 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2013 15:27:51 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Lessons on integration for local leadership</title>
         <link>http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/migration-pulse/2013/lessons-integration-local-leadership</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-migration-pulse-subtitle&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Local governments play a powerful role in integrating immigrants – and community organizations can help shape that agenda        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-type-text field-field-author-reports&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd&quot;&gt;
                    Bonnie Mah        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	The lived experience of immigration is intensely local. Today, immigrants around the world are choosing to settle in urban areas. They live, work, study and raise their families in cities and their surrounding areas. Consequently,local governments play a powerful and critical role in immigrant integration. Community organizations are in a unique position to support and encourage local governments to fulfill that role.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">2461 at http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 12 Feb 2013 11:49:31 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>'Debating Development' blog launched</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/debating-development-blog-launched</link>
         <description>The Oxford Department of International Development has launched a new blog, ' Debating...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2013 12:01:09 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Forthcoming book 'Modern Pastoralism and Conservation' co-edited by Professor Dawn Chatty</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/forthcoming-book-modern-pastoralism-and-conservation-co-edited-dawn-chatty</link>
         <description>Changing pastoral dynamics make knowledge of pastoralism vital to understanding landscapes...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jan 2013 16:59:52 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Geographical Distribution and Characteristics of Long-Term International Migration Flows to the UK</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/geographical-distribution-and-characteristics-long-term-international-migration-flows-uk</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;22nd January 2013&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-next-update-date&quot;&gt;
        22/01/2014  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Carlos Vargas-Silva  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This briefing focuses on long-term international migrants coming to the UK. It examines their characteristics, where they go after they arrive in the UK, and trends over time.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h2&gt;Key Points:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Data on migration inflows to the UK suggest that 89% of incoming migrants go to England. This share has remained stable over time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For those migrants going to England, London remains the most popular destination (32% of the total in 2011), but the share of incoming migrants going to London has decreased from the peak of the late 1990s (48% in 1998).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp2&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">361 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jan 2013 09:53:39 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Migrants and Housing in the UK: Experiences and Impacts</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/migrants-and-housing-uk-experiences-and-impacts</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;16th January 2013&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-next-update-date&quot;&gt;
        16/01/2014  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Carlos Vargas-Silva  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This briefing reviews the statistical and research evidence on migrants’ experiences in and impacts on the UK housing system.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h2&gt;Key Points&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The foreign-born population has significantly lower ownership rates (44% were homeowners in 2011) than the UK-born (70%).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The foreign-born population is three times as likely to be in the private rental sector (37% were in this sector in 2011), compared to the UK-born (13%).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp2&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">887 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 11:59:26 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Vacancy: Assistant to the International Summer School and Conferences Manager</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/vacancy-assistant-to-international-summer-school-and-conferences-manager</link>
         <description>Oxford Department of International Development, Queen Elizabeth House, 3 Mansfield Road...</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 14 Jan 2013 11:59:21 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Dr Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh awarded IASFM Lisa Gilad Prize for research on Faith and Humanitarianism</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/dr.-elena-fiddian-qasmiyeh-awarded-iasfm-lisa-gilad-prize-for-research-on-faith-and-humanitarianism</link>
         <description>The International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM) has awarded Dr...</description>
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         <pubDate>Wed, 09 Jan 2013 17:33:11 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>RSC research on faith and humanitarianism recognised at 2012 UNHCR Dialogue on Faith and Protection</title>
         <link>http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/rsc-research-recognised-at-2012-hcr-dialogue</link>
         <description>Dr Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh’s original research on faith, humanitarianism and displacement...</description>
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         <pubDate>Wed, 09 Jan 2013 14:16:44 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Long-Term International Migration Flows to and from the UK</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/long-term-international-migration-flows-and-uk</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;8th January 2013&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-next-update-date&quot;&gt;
        08/12/2014  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Carlos Vargas-Silva  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This briefing provides an overview of Long-Term International Migration (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; title=&quot;Long Term International Migration: the official government statistics on migration to and from the UK, produced by ONS by adjustments to the International Passenger Survey.&quot;&gt;LTIM&lt;/a&gt; ) inflows (immigration), outflows (emigration), and the difference between the two (net migration) in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h2&gt;Key Points:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Net migration to the UK, the difference between immigration and emigration, was 215,000 in 2011 (the latest available figure). This represents a decrease from 252,000 in 2010, which was the highest value on record for a calendar year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Immigration to the UK for 2011 was 566,000, down from 591,000 in 2010. Emigration from the UK was 351,000, up from 339,000 in 2010. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp2&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">72 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 08 Jan 2013 12:59:01 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>2012 - another hard year for asylum seekers and refugees</title>
         <link>http://refugeecouncil.typepad.com/poliblog/2013/01/2012-another-hard-year-for-asylum-seekers-and-refugees.html</link>
         <description>By James Drennan, Advocacy volunteer at the Refugee CouncilThe past year has been a year of challenges for asylum seekers, refugees and internally displaced people worldwide.  According to the UNHCR, nearly 34 million individuals are currently considered as not having the full protection of their state.  Many are at risk of torture, armed conflict or direct persecution from the authorities that should be defending them.  
Taking these numbers in the context of growing global socioeconomic unrest, the climate for those seeking asylum has become increasingly volatile.  In the UK, pressures on domestic protection systems have resulted in a growing movement to curtail funding for a number of asylum-based programmes, putting some of the most vulnerable people in our population at increased danger of finding situations upon arrival little better than the ones they were fleeing.   That being said, there have been victories.  Campaigns to highlight refugees’ significant, positive contributions to – for instance - finance, innovation and culture have resulted in an enriched awareness of the need for the UK to continue to offer protections for individuals and families seeking asylum.  Organisations and individuals are being increasingly proactive at finding new, progressive ways to ensure that the right of asylum is not forgotten in an atmosphere of economic uncertainty.  The following is a snapshot of some of the major events with regard to asylum in the UK over 2012:
January

King’s College London publishes a report detailing unforeseen costs resulting from the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders (LASPO) [then] bill, stating that if its measures were implemented, government agencies would incur £139m in extra costs to agencies such as the NHS.  
The European Council for Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) and Save the Children release research highlighting the need for further investigation into the government’s involuntary return of minors to their country of origin.  

February

An Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees (ICAR) report concludes that media reporting about asylum seekers and refugees is ‘sensationalist and inaccurate’.  
The Ay family, detained for 13 months starting in 2002, are awarded damages nearly eight years after their release.  The length of detention, as well as the ages of the children, resulted in widespread condemnation and calls for and end to the detention of children from celebrities such as Colin Firth and JK Rowling.

March

On International Women’s Day, the Refugee Council draws attention to its concerns with regard to women seeking asylum in the UK by publishing a briefing.  One third of those seeking asylum in the UK are women, who are under a disproportionate threat of violence, poverty and exploitation.   
Renewed calls for investigation into shortfalls created by LASPO, this time with regards to children’s access to legal aid, are made via the Refugee Council and Law Centres Federation.  

April

The Children’s Society publishes a report focusing on the numbers of child asylum seekers living below the poverty line in the UK.  At least 10,000 children in the asylum system are estimated to live in an environment of extreme disadvantage.  
The Refugee Council launches a campaign asking candidates in the London Elections to sign a pledge to make London a welcoming place for refugees and asylum seekers if they are elected.  Several candidates sign the pledge, including former mayor Ken Livingstone.  • The Refugee Council releases ‘Not a Minor Offence’ , detailing the continuing incidence of children asylum seekers facing detention upon arrival in the UK.  Among its recommendations are calls for independent assessment of age-disputed claimants.  

May 

In celebration of the protections offered by Britain to those seeking refuge from persecution,  the Refugee Council hold a party in Brixton to commemorate the Queen’s Jubilee – a letter is drafted, signed by many MPs, and published in the Times to highlight the many contributions refugees have made to British Society over the past six decades. 

June

Organisations across the sector, individuals and businesses come together to celebrate Refugee Week 2012  www.refugeeweek.org.uk 

July

A report by the Children’s Commissioner for England highlights the need for further reform in ‘age disputed’ asylum cases.  Children are often treated as adults, verified only by tests that are alarmingly inaccurate. 

August

Published Home Office statistics show that the number of children in immigration detention has doubled since 2010.  This figure includes dozens of children held in special wings of facilities which also house adults.  
An unannounced visit to Dover Immigration Removal Centre (IRC) finds that areas such welfare support, freedom of movement inside the facility and length of access to work were still inadequate, despite moderate improvements as part of the UKBA’s plan to reform IRC facilities.

September

The Refugee Council launches a new edition of ‘Tell it Like it is’, outlining basic facts about refugees, with the intention of refuting many of the misconceptions about asylum seekers often supported by mass media.  

October

Young Refugee Council Clients give evidence in a major child sex trafficking case.  It has been suggested that that, according to government figures, the number of individuals trafficked into the UK is rising, with hundreds being brought into the UK for purposes of exploitation every year.  

November

A report from John Vine, the Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration, accuses the UKBA of allowing massive backlogs to build up in the asylum system.  Of the nearly 450,000 ‘legacy’ asylum cases that were unresolved at the introduction of the New Asylum Model (NAM) in 2006, nearly 147,000 have yet to be cleared.  
To honour the Refugee Council Children’s Section’s 18 years of service in direct support of asylum seekers, Penguin books and the Refugee Council release Turning 18, a series of audio stories written and read by refugees.  The stories seek to raise public awareness on the issues facing refugees and asylum seekers, and to explain where they are from and why they are seeking asylum in the UK.  

December

An article in the Guardian highlights the work of organisations like Detention Action, who work with individuals –  many of whom are failed asylum seekers or asylum seekers in the process of filing a fresh claim – that are still at risk of being indefinitely detained in the IRCs. 
The Refugee Council publishes Between a Rock and a Hard Place, substantive research focusing on the plight of failed asylum seekers in the UK.  Failed asylum seekers comprise 80 percent of all destitute asylum seekers, and remain some of the most vulnerable individuals in UK society. </description>
         <author>Philippa</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d83451adb269e2017d3f7d8d0f970c</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jan 2013 22:15:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Deportations, Removals and Voluntary Departures from the UK</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/deportations-removals-and-voluntary-departures-uk</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;19th December 2012&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-next-update-date&quot;&gt;
        17/12/2013  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Scott Blinder  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This briefing examines the number of people deported or removed from the UK and those departing voluntarily after the initiation of enforced removal. It further examines the method, cost, and to the extent possible, the grounds for their removal and their nationalities.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h2&gt;Key Points&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In 2011 there were 41,482 &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; title=&quot;In the UK context, anyone who does not have British citizenship.&quot;&gt;foreign nationals&lt;/a&gt; removed from within the UK under immigration law—or known to have departed under threat of such removal—a decrease of 1% from revised 2010 totals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">985 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 17 Dec 2012 09:16:56 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Could it be worse? UKBA's work on legacy cases soundly criticised by Independent Chief Inspector</title>
         <link>http://refugeecouncil.typepad.com/poliblog/2012/11/could-it-be-worse-ukbas-work-on-legacy-cases-soundly-criticised-by-independent-chief-inspector-.html</link>
         <description>Judith, Policy Officer at the Refugee Council, comments on the findings of the Independent Chief Inspector of UKBA's report published today on the backlog of asylum cases: 
Charles Dickens’ novel Bleak House describes a long running case costing thousands of pounds and preventing the potential beneficiaries from building a future while they wait, seemingly endlessly, for a decision from on high. Those following the progress of the UK government to clear the backlog of asylum cases first identified in July 2006 may identify similarities with the Bleak House case. The legacy programme, for most of its life referred to as the ‘Case Resolution Exercise’, was meant to be completed by July 2011; indeed in March 2011 the government announced that it was just about complete. Four months later a significant policy change was announced, resulting in the ironic situation that those who had waited the longest for a resolution of their asylum claim received the much less favourable temporary leave, rather than the indefinite leave granted to those cases concluded in the first five years of the programme. The ironies do not end there.  Recent reasons given for worsening delays included the attention of caseworkers being diverted to correspondence and complaints from legal representatives and MPs on behalf of people in the backlog.  The subject of this correspondence – delays. These applicants, having been told to wait for a decision, usually by means of a standard letter, were simply enquiring on the progress of their case.  Many of these people were later referred to as having ‘absconded’ or described as ‘non compliant’, as the Border Agency had done all its checks and concluded that it had lost touch with the applicant so could not progress the claim further. In fact these individuals were seeking advice from legal reps, refugee support agencies and community organisations; none of whom were getting any joy in hearing back from the Agency either. The Chief Inspector of UKBA sheds some light on this by revealing that his team came across 150 boxes of unopened correspondence at the time of his inspection earlier this year. The Chief Inspector describes the UK Border Agency’s ‘poor handling of complaints and ineffective responses’ and concludes that there was a ‘failure to review these cases in accordance with the principles of good administration’. The inspection reveals that in many cases the original birth, marriage and death certificates were held on people’s files for years. Those who were granted leave were often not sent documents informing them of this, so that they were still unable to work or access state benefits.Why does this really matter? It matters because these are people who had been told their case was in the backlog and that it would be concluded; either they would be removed from the UK or receive a grant of Indefinite Leave to Remain. People at all stages of the process are represented in the cohort of unconcluded cases and each has a different personal experience. For some, not only were they living with the day to day uncertainty of what would happen and when. They were living in conditions that would have shocked Charles Dickens. We will continue to press for the meaningful conclusion of this exercise and hope that the government has learnt its lesson this time. 
You can find the Refugee Council's official press statement in response to the report here.
 </description>
         <author>Philippa</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d83451adb269e2017d3e0d92bb970c</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 22 Nov 2012 17:01:10 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Musicport 2012 - Proud to Protect Refugees</title>
         <link>http://refugeecouncil.typepad.com/poliblog/2012/10/musicport-2012-proud-to-protect-refugees-.html</link>
         <description>By Aimé Claude Ndongozi, Team Manager, Refugee Council Leeds One Stop ServiceWhitby beat to the sounds of world music on the 5th, 6th and 7th October. The Musicport 2012 generously offered a mix of everything beautiful about music: the rhythms and the dances; the warm voices singing life, peace and love; and the fun and togetherness. There was a high positive energy-charged ambiance among the audience, the artists and the organisers. 
And what a décor the little sea side town was! Whitby Pavilion – the festival venue –  is a stone throw away from the majestic and awe inspiring North Sea. Just step outside and your senses are treated to a natural feast. In the cool breeze, you lose yourself into a spectacle of wonders.  And as you catch your breath, the waves from the indigo sea waters crush nonchalantly onto a clean sandy beach, at the bottom of the cliff. The icing on the cake was the glorious sunshine under the purest blue skies for the entire weekend. 
Do not be carried away though. Musicport is not a just another purely hedonistic event on the calendar. It is a unique, friendly, socially conscious music festival. This year, amid its own financial uncertainty, it teamed up with Refugee Council to put the spotlight on refugees. 
So, we were given a free publicity place in their programme booklet. “Refugees shouldn’t be forced to scavenge to survive”, our advert said, supported by a hard hitting picture. That was not all.  The main stage shamelessly displayed our “proud to protect refugees” message. “Go on Musicport!” I gushed when I set my eyes on the stage display for the first time. I tell you, it was a pretty sight! Just imagine hundreds of people, as diverse as the peoples of the earth, having fun and… “proud to protect refugees”.  One youngster on a print journalism course came to our stall with a twinkle in his eye. “I am interested in your work. I think it’s fantastic. Can I take a leaflet please?” He said. “Of course”, I replied, pointing to our stall star, the little “Tell it like it is: The truth about asylum” leaflet. We chatted a little bit. He promised to check out our website and Facebook page.
On Saturday afternoon, the festival compere introduced Yvonne Cass, our vice-chair as “a very important person from Refugee Council”. In front of a packed audience, Yvonne spoke for three minutes about our work and called people to support us. She was applauded warmly. In the evening, a technical glitch spoiled the viewing of our 60th anniversary film. Oh no, it did not dampen our spirits. We kept on engaging, explaining, giving out information and fundraising material. Our Refutea cards raised interest and some people promised to try Refutea parties for us.
Musicport really put Refugee Council on the map in that part of England. Virtually every ticket holder saw our stall and poster- prominently set up in the foyer. And people took us home in every festival programme sold – perhaps 2000 of them. Not a bad first step, venturing into the unconverted world, engaging and sowing seeds. Overall, we were very satisfied with the weekend. 
We owe a massive thank you to Jim, the festival organiser and his team as well as to the many volunteers and stewards. They made us feel home and were supportive throughout. Thanks also to Yvonne who stayed throughout the weekend. Thanks to Patricia who came as volunteer to lend a hand on Saturday and Sunday. Thanks to Amilee who travelled from Hull with her family to support Team RC on Sunday. Our fundraising team, especially Cristiana and Rebecca provided us with excellent support throughout. Thank you guys!
No doubt, that was the taste of more things to come. Next time, we will be more prepared to maximise fundraising activities.</description>
         <author>Administrator</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d83451adb269e2017ee4689403970d</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 25 Oct 2012 13:03:37 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Reminding MPs about destitution of asylum seekers at Labour Party Conference 2012</title>
         <link>http://refugeecouncil.typepad.com/poliblog/2012/10/reflections-on-labour-party-conference-2012-from-asli-wast.html</link>
         <description>By guest blogger, Asli, from Women Asylum Seekers Together (WAST) Manchester. Here Asli explains her experiences at the Labour Party Conference 2012:
This was the first time I attended a political party conference. All these people, so many suits and suitcases, not an environment I’m used to!
I saw a lot of famous people – I rubbed shoulders with Ed Miliband, Harriet Harman, Ed Balls, Chris Bryant, Paul Kenyon from the BBC, John Prescott, and Chukka Umunna. We saw the end of Ed Miliband’s speech on the Tuesday. 
I met with Anna from the Refugee Council and we went to a few fringe events. We attended the Liberty event and I was pleased that one MP’s researcher asked a question about whether they think human rights are abused in the UK, and about making the asylum system more compassionate. But I was disappointed that none of the MPs on the panel (Emily Thornberry, Sadiq Khan, Keith Vaz) answered the question. 
We went to the fringe event for the All Party Parliamentary Group on Migration and it was good to hear Chris Bryant MP emphasising the importance of protecting refugees. He said: “Foreigners are humans”. I was surprised to hear that from a shadow immigration minister. 
I was a speaker at the Refugee Council fringe event, No Fate Like Home: why refused asylum seekers do not return. Also speaking on the panel was Chris Bryant MP, Paul Kenyon from BBC Panorama, as well as Mike Kaye from Still Human Still Here.  I was really pleased when Chris Bryant said there was no evidence that asylum seekers come here for benefits, and we should be proud Britain protects people from persecution.


I talked about the reality for asylum seekers, when decisions are wrongly made by UKBA, especially people who can’t go back to their countries. I talked about how it is difficult for them living in limbo for several years. I gave an example of when a woman is made destitute she could end up in exploitation by friends, or end up in a violent relationship, even end up in prostitution just for a few pounds to feed herself. It’s more tough for a woman than a man. 
I talked about Women Asylum Seekers Together, the organisation I volunteer for, and explained what we do in WAST, that we are open to anyone going through the asylum system in Manchester. I also explained most of our members are destitute and at the end of the asylum process, sofa-surfing with friends, supported by local charities. I understand how it is, because I have been in that situation myself. I can be sympathetic to them. 
There was a question and answer session from those who attended the event. One really good question was whether £5 a day was enough for asylum seekers to live on. Chris Bryant wouldn’t commit to changing any policies that will stop people from coming destitute, neither would he acknowledge that £5 a day was too little for anyone to live on.
There was a doctor from Freedom From Torture in the audience who asked how the Labour government would improve UKBA’s decision-making process. Chris Bryant did commit to improving decision making on asylum claims so that decisions are right first time. We also liked the doctor’s suggestion that Freedom From Torture trains UKBA caseworkers in looking for evidence of torture.
Overall, it was a really great experience. Its good to remind people that destitution for asylum seekers is a situation going on all the time – people might know about the situation, but forget it is a reality for many people, going on every day. 
You can also see a video of me here, explaining my experiences of the Labour party conference.</description>
         <author>Philippa</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d83451adb269e2017c328f90f4970b</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 16 Oct 2012 11:30:13 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>IOM's dubious mission in Morocco</title>
         <link>http://heindehaas.blogspot.com/2012/10/ioms-dubious-mission-in-morocco.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;This week, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) launched an appeal to raise 620,000 euros&amp;nbsp;to &quot;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.expatica.com/ch/news/swiss-news/iom-calls-for-funds-to-help-morocco-repatriate-migrants_245983.html&quot;&gt;help desperate African migrants, including unaccompanied children, return home from Morocco&lt;/a&gt;&quot;. The money would be used to fly migrants back home and to help returnees to start up businesses in their own country.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At first sight,&amp;nbsp;this may sound laudable, but what seems to be happening here is that IOM tries to make money out of the violation of migrants' rights by the Moroccan government.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 2000, Morocco has witnessed increased immigration from sub-Saharan&amp;nbsp;African countries such as Senegal, Mali, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo. While many migrants originally moved to Morocco in the hope to cross to Europe, a considerable proportion of those failing or not venturing to enter Europe &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?id=484&quot;&gt;prefer to stay as a second-best option &lt;/a&gt;instead of returning to their more unstable, unsafe, and substantially poorer origin countries. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An increasing number of sub-Saharan migrants go to Morocco to study or in search of work in sectors such as domestic work, construction and call centres. This defies the stereotype of Morocco as only an emigration&amp;nbsp;or 'transit' country. Although the number of sub-Saharan immigrants is not higher tan several tends of thousands, Morocco is undeniably becoming a settlement country, and Morocco's large cities such as Rabat, Casablanca and Fes now host sizeable immigrant communities. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet the Moroccan government and society have difficulties in coming to terms with this new reality. Besides day-to-day discrimination and frequent racist attacks, many sub-Saharan immigrants lack residency rights and access to health care, education and other basic provisions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many migrants live in fear for migrant raids and random arrests. This makes them vulnerable for exploitation and extortion by employers, house-owners and state officials. Refugees and asylum seekers lack protection by the Moroccan state, which treats them as 'illegals' or 'transit migrants', and often live in fear to be deported. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, what is going on here? Because the Moroccan government fails to protect the fundamental rights of migrants and refugees, these human rights abuses are now being instrumentalized to justify a costly repatriation scheme. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In order to stress the urgency of the plan, Anke Strauss, head of the IOM mission on Morocco, &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.expatica.com/ch/news/swiss-news/iom-calls-for-funds-to-help-morocco-repatriate-migrants_245983.html&quot;&gt;stated&lt;/a&gt; that &quot;Among the migrants are unaccompanied minors, pregnant women, women with children and others suffering from chronic illnesses who want to go home at any price&quot;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Strauss's statement is misleading, as it makes the false impression that IOM protects vulnerable migrant groups, while this statements and such return schemes are in fact sanctioning human rights abuses and the lack of protection offered by the Moroccan government. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After all, isn't it the duty of the Moroccan government, the IOM and the European governments which have tended to fund such return programmes, to protect the human rights of such vulnerable group &lt;i&gt;while they are on Moroccan soil&lt;/i&gt;? Morocco, a self-declared democracy, is signatory&amp;nbsp;to most international human rights treaties, including the UN refugee charter, and is therefore bound to protect migrant and refugee rights. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IOM may stress that such programmes are 'voluntary', but how long can this be maintained in the case of migrants who face abuse and systematic deprivation of their rights?&amp;nbsp;These migrants are 'desperate' because they lack the most basic protection. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite its limited means, the Morocco mission of the&amp;nbsp;United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Moroccan human rights activists such as &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.voanews.com/content/activist-helps-sub-saharan-african-migrants-trapped-in-morocco-86220272/113409.html&quot;&gt;Hicham Baraka&lt;/a&gt; have been doing heroic work to protect the rights of African migrants and refugees in Morocco, particularly to prevent their random arrest and deportation. These are&amp;nbsp;examples that IOM should follow. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The unaccompanied minors, pregnant women, migrant women with young children and the chronically ill IOM pretends to care about should first of all be offered shelter, food, schooling and basic medical care in Morocco, before they can make a reasonable and 'voluntary' decision about their future. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But instead of pushing Morocco to protect the rights of African migrants, IOM seeks funds to 'help' the Moroccan government to send them back. How cynical can it get? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <author>Hein de Haas</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6661503369345934670.post-7119605287668592714</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 04 Oct 2012 15:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Greece: The Syrian migration invasion</title>
         <link>http://heindehaas.blogspot.com/2012/09/a-greek-migration-myth-syrian-invasions.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;Last Monday, Greek authorities announced that Greece should fortify itself against a massive wave of illegal migrants from Syria. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=54413&quot;&gt;A migration wave is starting to show&lt;/a&gt;, it has not yet reached Greece in large numbers, currently it is heading to Turkey, Jordan and Iraq, but the country must be ready&quot;, warned. Public Order Minister Nikos Dendias. He also announced the government's plans to &quot;fortify the Aegean Sea&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Back in August, Dendias had already warned that &quot;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://times247.com/articles/flood-of-syrian-refugees-overwhelms-struggling-greece#ixzz26vmjRH9G&quot;&gt;The country is about to perish . . We are facing an invasion&lt;/a&gt;&quot;. This week, Greek Prime Minister Samaras added more to the doom and gloom: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;I wake up every morning and say, 'Has anything happened to Syria today?', If something happens in Syria, thousands of people would be flowing into Greece. Illegal immigrants are already a very big problem for us. We are already taking big steps to disallow illegal immigrants from coming in. Imagine if that number is multiplied by 10,&quot; Samara warned. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These statements are classic examples of migration fear mongering which lack any factual basis. The whole idea that Syrian refugees would be massively &quot;underway&quot; to Greece is simply ridiculous.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It seems another variant of the scaremongering by Italian authorities in the wake of the revolutions in Tunisia and Libya in the Spring of 2011, when they predicted that a migration wave of  [sic] &quot;biblical proportions&quot; was about to hit Europe's Mediterranean shores.Italian politicians boldly claimed that the violence in Libya would force up to 1.5 million sub-Saharan migrant workers to take the boat to Europe. In &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://heindehaas.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/african-invasion-that-did-not-happen.html&quot;&gt;previous blogposts&lt;/a&gt;, I argued hat such predictions were not based on any facts, and that it should therefore not come  as a surprise that this invasion never happened (for a more comprehensive overview, see also &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.fmreview.org/north-africa/dehaas-sigona.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reasons were simple: Most migrants had gone to Libya to work, not to go to Europe; The vast majority of migrants workers fleeing the violence wanted to go back home; Most Libyan refugees preferred to stay in Tunisia and Egypt to return as soon as the conflict was over. Only a tiny fraction of refugees ended up in Europe. Although the temporary falling away of border patrolling in Tunisia led to a certain increase of 'normal' boat migration to Italy, which had already been going on for decades, these concerned several tens of thousands of people, a relatively modest number compared to the invasion of &quot;biblical proportions&quot; that was envisaged. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rather, such immigration fear-mongering fulfils the domestic political purpose of creating an external threat. By doing so, politicians create a common cause and rally people behind them, which handily defects the attention away from internal problems and their own policy failings. The &quot;creation&quot; of such external threats (terrorism, migration, Islam, or, ideally, a combination of these) has become particularly important since the demise of the Communist threat in the late 1980s. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Usually, if we look at the facts on the ground, such imagined migration deluges shrink to a trickle. This also holds for Greece. The vast majority of the more than 250,000 Syrians refugees have fled to neighbouring countries such as Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon and, particularly, Turkey, in the same way as the overwhelming majority of Libyans fled to neighbouring countries last year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to this &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=54413&quot;&gt;news report&lt;/a&gt;, more Syrian migrants are appearing in the Aegean Sea islands. Although several hundreds to a few thousands of Syrian refugees may have crossed into Greece the past few months (see for instance &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://euobserver.com/justice/117124&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;), and more may follow as long as the conflict continues, these numbers are a tiny fraction of the total refugee population, and there is no reason to assume that the Syrians masses would be heading towards Greece. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The whole assumption that Syrian refugees would massively use Turkey as a staging ground to move on to Greece seems flawed. First, most refugees prefer stay to close to home, either in Arab countries or in relatively safe and stable Turkey. Second, most refugees want to go back as soon as possible. Why would Syrians all of the sudden want to go to crisis-ridden Greece? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Greek officials recently &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://times247.com/articles/flood-of-syrian-refugees-overwhelms-struggling-greece#ixzz26vmjRH9G&quot;&gt;said &lt;/a&gt;that nearly 15,000 Syrians will try to enter Greece by the end of September. However, this number seems to come out of the blue and lacks any factual basis. But even this &quot;guesstimate&quot; would be right, it would be ridiculous to compare this to an &quot;invasion&quot;. The routine portrayal by Greek authorities of refugees as &quot;illegals&quot; is even more outrageous.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Greek authorities should be ashamed to use Syrian refugees as scapegoats. It is also a myth that Greece would not be able to host refugees. There are many poorer countries in Africa and Asia which have hosted hundreds of thousand of refugees. Tunisia, for instance, generously received hundreds of thousands of refugees fleeing the violence in Libya last year, while it was facing  economic hardship and political instability in the wake of its own revolution. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are really no excuses. Greece has a dismal record of refugee protection, which goes back way before the crisis. It has an asylum approval rate of &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hrw.org/news/2009/07/31/greeces-refugee-problem&quot;&gt;0.05 percent&lt;/a&gt; (probably one of the lowest rates in the world) and many asylum seekers and refugees (and other immigrants) live in appalling conditions and they frequently fall victims to violent attacks by anti-immigrant, neo-fascist groups groups (see for instance this video).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear:both;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;&lt;embed width=&quot;320&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/enyQYID5KV4&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the fabrication of a national emergency around an imaginary Syrian migration invasion may serve short-term political goals, such rhetorics are harmful as they fuel racism and anti-immigrant feeling. Ironically, by reinforcing the insane idea that the Greek nation is in peril because of immigration, the Greek government actually strengthens extreme right-wing  parties such as Golden Dawn. This is a dangerous game, of which migrants will be the first victims. &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <author>Hein de Haas</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6661503369345934670.post-5253785470313513965</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 20 Sep 2012 07:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Greece is the new Islam</title>
         <link>http://heindehaas.blogspot.com/2012/09/greece-is-new-islam.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;Leading up to national elections in the Netherlands, which took place on 12 September, I have been closely following the debates between party leaders. The most striking observation I made is the near-total absence of the issues of immigration and Islam in the debates. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was in stark contrast with the previous elections, when these themes were dominating everything, and in which far-right leader Geert Wilders managed to paralyse most other parties with 'telling the truth' about the alleged mass-immigration, the threat of Islam and the failure of multiculturalism. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In short, mass-immigration, particularly of Muslims, was blamed for almost all ills of Dutch society.&amp;nbsp; Immigration was threatening the Dutch economy, Dutch jobs, Dutch education, Dutch social security, Dutch public health, and, last but not least, Dutch national identity. In Wilder's world, mass-immigration is part of an international &lt;i&gt;jihad &lt;/i&gt;aiming to 'islamize' Dutch and European societies. Stopping mass immigration was therefore seen as the solution to solve most problems facing Dutch society. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although this scapegoating of migrants and Islam lacked any factual basis, and with the exception of the smaller liberal and Green parties, most big were terrified to openly counter this nonsense. On the contrary, out of fear of losing votes, the entire political field moved to the right and adopted restrictionist positions and many did not refrain from pointing fingers at immigrants. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In April of this year, the political scientist Amber Jane Davis&amp;nbsp;successfully defended her excellent PhD thesis at the European University Institute, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/21719&quot;&gt;The Impact of Anti-immigration Parties on Mainstream Parties' Immigration Positions in the Netherlands, Flanders and the UK 1987-2010&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/i&gt;. In her thesis, Davis describes this phenomenon in which the entire political spectrum has moved to the right in response to the rise of far-right anti-immigrant parties since the 1980s. Interestingly, she also observed that, when the far-right threat (temporarily) falls away, an opposite movement occurs, with parties adopting less restrictive positions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In her study, Davis also shows how such strategies are largely ineffective or can even be counter-productive. This is not only because as anti-immigrant voters tend to opt for the 'orginal' instead of the 'copycats' as Jean-Marie Le Pen, former leader of the French &lt;i&gt;Front National, &lt;/i&gt;once argued, but also because their zigzagging or flipflopping on immigration issues undermines their credibility in the eyes of many voters. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After the electoral victory of Wilders' PVV (&lt;i&gt;Partij voor de Vrijheid&lt;/i&gt;, or Freedom Party) in 2010, the Dutch right-wing 'liberal' VVD party (which basically represents the interests of the well-to-do) and the Christian Democratic CDA party had no qualms to form a minority government which was backed in parliament by the PVV.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, since then, the Great Recession and the Eurocrisis have entirely changed the political game, as the focus shifted towards economic policies and bread-and-butter issues. Despite his acrobatic ability to blaming immigrants for almost &lt;i&gt;any&lt;/i&gt; problem, even Wilders was unable to make a credible link between immigration, or Islam, and immigration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After &lt;span id=&quot;articleText&quot;&gt;Wilder toppled the government in April by refusing to back budget cuts, he radically switched his rhetoric, and started to run an electoral campaign&lt;/span&gt; based on a fiercely nationalistic, anti-European agenda, &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/09/13/dutch-election-radicals-idINL5E8KDB2020120913&quot;&gt;advocating to scrap the Euro, bring back the guilder and leave the EU&lt;/a&gt;. Wilders tried to convince voters the only way to reclaim Dutch sovereignty was to leave the EU.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instead of immigration, Brussels became the new scapegoat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And Greece became the new Islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wilders tried to shift the blame of all economic problems to Greece and other southern European countries. &quot;We are paying up for those [sic] garlic countries, whose affairs are in disarray&quot; - he stated in one of the latest debates. Wilders created an image of Dutch tax payers subsidising the sunny lifestyles of lazy, corrupt Greeks, who all retire at the age of 50 to lie on the beach for the rest of their life. Wilders strategy bitterly failed, as he was defeated during the elections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Europe did not prove to be such a poisonous theme as Islam and immigration.Leaving the Euro and the EU proved one bridge too far for the Dutch. Opinion polls interestingly showed that the election debates have made the Dutch public &lt;i&gt;less &lt;/i&gt;Euro-sceptic. This is the good news. The debates made voters more aware of the vital importance of the EU for the Dutch economy. More practically, reintroduction of the guilder and border controls would complicate holiday making for the travel-savy Dutch. That's the good new: the public wants to be informed, and arguments do apparently count. &amp;nbsp;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is more sobering that other mainstream politicians, and particularly prime minister Mark Rutte, leader of the right-wing liberal VVD party (who won the election) also shifted the blame of the Eurocrisis to southern Europe, and the Greeks in particular. We see exactly the same Greece-bashing among most German politicians. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Such simplistic accounts of&amp;nbsp; &quot;it's all their fault&quot; are not only simply wrong (see for instance &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://streetlightblog.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/what-really-caused-eurozone-crisis-part.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://basjacobs.wordpress.com/2012/06/03/uur-u-voor-de-eurozone-voor-de-zoveelste-keer/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;), as they deny the role of northern European governments and banks in the Eurocrisis. What is more worrying that such fingerpointing goes along with self-righteous attitudes and typical northern European arrogance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anti-Greek rhetoric may be attractive to win popular support, they  also fuel superiority feelings based on stereotypes of efficient, reliable and  responsible northern Europeans versus corrupt, unreliable and sloppy  southern Europeans. This in turn, provokes anti-northern feelings in southern Europe, with the Germans symbolising northern European arrogance. In Greece, Germans are being accused of abusing the Eurocrsis to imposing its and to re-occupy Greece, sometimes even comparing it with Nazi practises (for a photo gallery see &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photo-gallery-anti-german-sentiment-on-the-rise-in-greece-fotostrecke-78449.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both sides are clearly wrong here. But while the anti-German sentiment in southern Europe gets full exposure in the media, northern European political leaders seem little aware or reflective about the damaging effects of their own arrogance, which may serve short-term political goals (of winning elections) but do nothing to solve the crisis, and may in fact endanger such a solution by fuelling intra-European racism. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <author>Hein de Haas</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6661503369345934670.post-257124349870046965</guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 14 Sep 2012 05:07:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Settlement in the UK</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/settlement-uk</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;11th September 2012&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-next-update-date&quot;&gt;
        11/05/2013  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Scott Blinder  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This briefing gives details about how many non-European migrants are granted &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; title=&quot;The status granted to foreign nationals conferring the to remain indefinitely in the UK. Also known as indefinite leave to remain.&quot;&gt;settlement&lt;/a&gt; in the UK every year, their demographic characteristics and the various bases for their grants of settlement.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h2&gt;Key Points&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In 2011, there were 166,878 grants of &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; class=&quot;glossary-term&quot; title=&quot;The status granted to foreign nationals conferring the to remain indefinitely in the UK. Also known as indefinite leave to remain.&quot;&gt;settlement&lt;/a&gt; to non-European migrants, a decrease of 31% from 241,192 in 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">521 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 11 Sep 2012 17:44:27 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Refugees to face further barriers to working and volunteering</title>
         <link>http://refugeecouncil.typepad.com/poliblog/2012/08/refugees-to-face-further-barriers-to-working-and-volunteering.html</link>
         <description>by James, Advocacy team volunteerHere James breaks down the changes to checks that will make it even harder for refugees and asylum seekers to work or volunteer, as of this week:The Home Office has proposed changes to background checks for people applying to work or volunteer with vulnerable people, which are set to come into force on 31st August.  The new regime could place refugees and asylum seekers at increased risk of unemployment, even in fields where they may already be qualified.   
What is a CRB?The Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) is the Home Office body that checks the background of individuals for any criminal history.  Such checks are undertaken to ensure vulnerable people are not subjected to increased risk, and the number of agencies using them has been growing steadily over the past decade.  In 2011, approximately three million CRB checks were requested from both private and government agencies.  The identification process as it standsCurrently, any person that wants to apply for a job where they would be working with vulnerable people (e.g. schools, mental health, and security) would be expected to supply a document such as their passport or driver's licence.  If this is not possible, a person can substitute documents from a ‘supplementary’ list, including bank statements, NHS cards and so on.  
How this will changeAs of August 31st, a new, 'enhanced' process will be used in ways that make it harder for refugees and asylum seekers to apply for these jobs.  For instance, Individuals must now provide a document from a smaller list: a passport, driver's licence, Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) and Birth Certificate (for UK Subjects).   
How this unfairly discriminates against refugees and asylum seekersWhether they have a criminal record or not, they will be at a disadvantage, as it is likely they will be unable to produce the listed documents. Those seeking asylum often do so without the knowledge of their government, and frequently travel either without the ability to apply for identity documents or the safety of applying without being put in danger of further persecution.  Asylum seekers rely on Application Registration Cards (ARCs), or, after a successful claim, Convention Travel Documents for identification purposes, both of which are excluded from the new regime.  
The result? Poor prospects and increased cost...Those who come to Britain fleeing persecution may find themselves unable to use valuable skills they may have learned before coming to this country, and therefore find themselves out of work and relying on the state for support. Asylum seekers are not allowed to work, but are often able to contribute their skills and talents by volunteering. Its likely many will also lose out on the opportunity as a result of this policy change.  
See a full briefing about the changes on our website.  </description>
         <author>Philippa</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:typepad.com,2003:post-6a00d83451adb269e2017c318e3e2f970b</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 30 Aug 2012 16:50:27 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Migrants in the UK Labour Market: An Overview</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/migrants-uk-labour-market-overview</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;28th August 2012&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-next-update-date&quot;&gt;
        28/08/2013  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Cinzia  Rienzo  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This briefing provides an overview of the employment levels and employment shares of migrants in the UK economy as a whole, and in specific sectors and occupations.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h3&gt;Key points&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The number of foreign-born people of working age in the UK increased from 2.9 million in 1993 to nearly 6 million in 2011. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;More...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">359 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 28 Aug 2012 13:30:09 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Europeans looking for greener pastures in Africa</title>
         <link>http://heindehaas.blogspot.com/2012/07/europeans-looking-for-greener-pastures.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;Who could have thought this just a few years ago? With the economic crisis hitting many countries hard, and unemployment soaring, Europeans have started emigrating again in large numbers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the Portuguese move to France and Brazil, Greeks explore&amp;nbsp;better futures in Germany, Australia and Turkey. At the same time, young Spaniards are moving towards Britain, France and Germany. In Britain, Spaniards even seem to replace Eastern European workers. As&amp;nbsp;a young, Spanish waiter told me&amp;nbsp;smilingly: &quot;We are the new Poles!&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And&amp;nbsp;with the demise of the property bubble of the &quot;Celtic Tiger&quot;, the &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.irishcentral.com/news/Irish-emigrating-at-highest-point-since-Famine-----3000--leaving-per-month-150565735.html&quot;&gt;Irish&lt;/a&gt; have resumed historical patterns by massively moving out again to English speaking countries such as Britain, Canada, Australia, US and New  Zealand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But who could have thought that Europeans would be looking for greener pastures in Africa? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, this is happening. For instance, Portuguese jobless graduates flee to Africa as they have discovered opportunities in Portuguese-speaking countries like Mozambique and Angola, whose economies are booming and in dire need of young, skilled workers. A recent &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14716410&quot;&gt;news report&lt;/a&gt; showed that in 2010, 23,787 Angolan visa were issued for Portuguese, against only 156 in 2006. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A recent &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=iKxn_oB7gRQ&quot;&gt;documentary&lt;/a&gt; on Dutch television showed how young Spanish increasingly try their luck in Morocco. It shows young Spanish, who flee unemployment and impoverishment&amp;nbsp;and find work opportunities and&amp;nbsp;more affordable living conditions across the Strait of Gibraltar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I can warmly recommend the documentary (although the voice-over is in Dutch, much of it is in Spanish), as it shows the world upside down: A young Spanish women crying on a rooftop terrace in Tanger, from which she can see Spain. Working at a Moroccan call-centre, she does not have the money to return regularly. A 38 year old man who has lost all he has who is looking for work in Morocco and who just received 60 euros from his mother in Spain to survive the next few weeks.&amp;nbsp; Another man working at a small factory making furniture, considering himself &quot;lucky&quot; to have found work in Morocco. Many of them consider Morocco as a country of opportunities. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This does obviously not fit into Europeans stereotypes of Africa as the continent of misery. Who would want to go there? This portrayal of &quot;Africa&amp;nbsp;= misery&quot; is misleading in the first place, and goes back straight to colonial times, when Europeans fabricated stereotypes about African &quot;backwardness&quot;, tribalism, chaos and poverty as a justification for their &quot;civilizing&quot; colonial mission. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although violence and poverty have frequently occurred in several places and regions, other parts of Africa have been relatively prosperous and peaceful, and have in fact attracted migrants. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What many people ignore on top of that, is that some African economies are growing fast, and can nowadays offer better opportunities to skilled, entrepreneurial&amp;nbsp;Europeans than the stagnating economies of Southern and European Europe. In addition, many African economies have been sheltered from the worst effects of the Global Economic Crisis because their banking sectors are less liberalized and therefore better protected. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is impossible to predict what the future holds. Of course, if European economies pick up again, it is likely that emigration will fall and immigration increases again - Although it remains a question to what extent and when economic recovery occurs, as the current crisis seems to be a protracted one, and may last for many more years.&amp;nbsp;It would also be dangerous to exaggerate African growth and to deny that many Africans continue to live in conditions of extreme poverty insecurity. And it would also be naive to think that Africans will stop migrating themselves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, it is important to go beyond colonial stereotypes of Africa as a continent of misery and to stop thinking that the whole world wants to come to Europe. In fact, this hardly concealing the idea the Europeans are superior. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The new European migrations towards Africa can teach Europeans a lesson: We are not the centre of the world. For centuries, Europeans have taken for granted that it&amp;nbsp;is their right to&amp;nbsp;&quot;discover&quot;, occupy, conquer, visit and settle in foreign lands - without asking permission. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This continues until the present day. &quot;We&quot; find it normal that Africans need visas to enter Europe, but we think it is our natural right to travel abroad, and get upset when we are asked visas in return. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The irony is that while Europeans talk in belligerent terms of 'combating' illegal immigration from Africa as if Africans are a plague or a threat to security, Europeans can move to and settle in Africa with relative ease and do not even question this situation of inequality. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, if this new European exodus continues, European governments may well be put under pressure by African governments to ease their own immigration rules. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So let's remind ourselves: With migration, always expect the unexpected. &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <author>Hein de Haas</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6661503369345934670.post-6930298598415301193</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jul 2012 17:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Migration… it’s the economy, stupid!</title>
         <link>http://heindehaas.blogspot.com/2012/03/migration-its-economy-stupid.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Politicians like to talk about migration in water metaphors. Migrants always seem to come in flows, waves or tides. They also like to give voters the image that they are “in control” of immigration; indeed, that immigration is a flow that can be turned on and off like a tap. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gNyOdrQZCnA/T3DxYXH-k4I/AAAAAAAAAFc/4TXe8OVxmqI/s1600/economic+growth+and+immigratoin+NL.png&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;248&quot; src=&quot;http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gNyOdrQZCnA/T3DxYXH-k4I/AAAAAAAAAFc/4TXe8OVxmqI/s400/economic+growth+and+immigratoin+NL.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;In reality, politicians are much less in control of immigration than they would like people to believe. For instance, liberal democracies can do little about family immigration, because the right to family life is enshrined in international humanitarian law. Migration is also facilitated through migrant networks, which decrease the costs and risks of migrating. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Politicans' tough talk on immigration obscures that the economy is the prime driver of migration. In all wealthy societies, there is structural demand for immigrant labour, for the high skilled but also the low skilled, in the official and illegal sectors. Years of neoliberal policies in the form of privatizing and de-regularizing labour markets have hugely expanded the demand for immigrant labour for temporary, unattractive and low-paid jobs in cleaning, catering, agriculture, factory work and care that native workers typically shun. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;At the same time, politicians are under pressure by employers and big business to either allow higher quotas of immigrants or turn a blind eye when faced with illegal migration. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;This is what happens in practice: Politicians know all too well that migration serves vital economic interests, and cannot stop immigration even if they would want so, but do not dare to tell so to their voters. Their tough talk about reducing immigration is usually nothing more than a smokescreen to hide their inability and unwillingness to stop immigration. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Not convinced yet? Do you think this is just left-wing talk? Please look at the graph above. The blue line shows the average of economic growth (indicated on the right hand axis) in the previous two years in the Netherlands. The red line shows the immigration rate as a percentage of the total population (on the left hand axis). As you can all see, there is an incredibly close relationship between economic growth and immigration rates. Isn’t that a smoking gun? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Migration is a demand-driven phenomenon and the business cycle is an accurate predictor of immigration. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Similar graphs can be drawn for most other Western countries. The irony is that the correlation between economic growth and immigration is particularly high for countries such as Germany and The Netherlands who have long denied being immigration countries. Despite all the anti-immigration rhetoric, such countries have high immigration rates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Decades of globalization and regularisation have created open societies and economies, which will inevitably attract migrants as long as they keep on growing. In that sense, borders are indeed &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.cfr.org/world/borders-beyond-control/p5356&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;beyond control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt; to speak with Jagdish Bhagwati. As long as demand persists, migration will continue. If governments try to close legal channels for labour migrants, they will either come as family migrants or as irregular migrants. This is also what makes all these discussions on the economic impacts of immigration a bit artificial, as the assumption is that immigration can somehow be stopped or significantly reduced. This is both denying history and the demand-driven nature of immigration. It is not so much “immigrants come and take our jobs”, but rather “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.philippelegrain.com/immigrants-your-country-needs-them/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Immigrants: your country needs them&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;” as runs the title of Philippe Legrain’s book. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Indeed, the only way to drastically reduce immigration is to wreck the economy. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;A prolonged economic recession is therefore the only recipe to reduce immigration. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;And this is indeed what we are seeing in several south European countries, which are now seeing ‘negative’ migration with more people leaving than coming. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;The same may happen in north European countries, such as the Netherlands, if they plunge back into the ‘double dip’ recession. If this happens, anti-immigrant parties will certainly cry out with shouts of victory that this shows the success of their harsh policies, while in reality, it was the recession and unemployment that explain reduced immigration. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;But if economies pick up again, immigration will surely pick up again too. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;As so often with migration: It’s the economy, stupid! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <author>Hein de Haas</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6661503369345934670.post-4549196225528325925</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 26 Mar 2012 15:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
         <media:thumbnail height="72" url="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gNyOdrQZCnA/T3DxYXH-k4I/AAAAAAAAAFc/4TXe8OVxmqI/s72-c/economic+growth+and+immigratoin+NL.png" width="72" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/"/>
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         <title>The Arab Spring and Migration</title>
         <link>http://heindehaas.blogspot.com/2012/03/arab-spring-and-migration.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;Last Tuesday, I attended a workshop hosted by the Refugees Studies Centre and the International Migration Institute of the University of Oxford on the consequences of the ‘Arab Spring’ on human mobility and forced migration in North Africa and the Middle East. The workshop also investigated how states and international organizations have responded to these events. A range of researchers and representatives of international organizations shared their expertise. I will summarize some of my observations I made during the day. Please look at this &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.imi.ox.ac.uk/events/the-arab-spring-and-beyond-human-mobility-forced-migration-and-institutional-responses&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;link&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;for a full programme and the list of speakers. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;First of all, the workshop dispelled the myth that the ‘Arab Spring’ has led to large-scale migration to Europe. Since the outbreak of the popular uprisings, European media and politicians have been obsessed with the imaginary fear of massive waves of North Africans invading Europe. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;These sensational predictions were speculative and lacked any scientific basis, so it should come at no surprise that these have never materialized. The number of refugees moving to Europe in response to the crisis has actually remained very small.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;The presentations at the workshop emphasized that the Arab Spring had much more significant implications for migration and mobility in the region itself. While the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt have remained relatively peaceful, the violent conflicts in countries like Syria and particularly Libya have generated large flows of refugees, most of whom gone to neighbouring countries such as Tunisia and Egypt in the case of Libyans and Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and even Libya for Syrians. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;The second group of displaced people consist of the migrant workers that have lived in these countries for years, such as the Bengali, Turks, Egyptians, Nigeriens, Chadians and Europeans working in Libya. Most of them have tried to return home in the wake of the conflict. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;However, the most vulnerable group consists of migrants and refugees who were not able to return because it was too dangerous and/or because they lack the money and contacts to flee. They have become trapped into a situation, which the migration researcher Jørgen Carling has aptly described as ‘involuntary immobility’. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Others do not necessarily want to return, as they have fled insecurity, persecution and deprivation in their own countries, and they have often been living in North Africa for many years or decades. These include sub-Saharan and Tuareg migrants in Libya and refugees and Iraqis, Palestinians and Somalis in Syria and Sudanese and Somali in Egypt. Political instability, economic crisis, increasing costs of living and unemployment, and the decrease of security (due to decreased policing) have made these groups more vulnerable than they were already. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;For instance, due to less effective policing, a city like Cairo has experienced a rise in crime, theft, kidnappings and overall violence, which affect all Egyptians, but which have made refugees and other foreigners particularly vulnerable. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Violation of basic rights of refugees and asylum seekers remain a daily issue in the region .In Egypt, Libya and Syria, the overall climate of insecurity and increasing suspicion against foreigners has also made it more difficult for humanitarian organizations to reach out to vulnerable refugee and migrant populations. In Libya, sub-Saharan migrants still fear retaliations because they are associated to “Black mercenaries” Khaddafi has reportedly employed, and Tuareg and Tebu populations in the south are equally vulnerable. The revolutions severely disrupted the livelihoods of Tuaregs who fled the violence, and who have ended up in Saharan towns like Tamanrasset in Algeria.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;The workshop also emphasized the profound impacts of the Arab Spring on origin countries, an issue that Eurocentric accounts of the Arab Spring have almost completely ignored. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;This does not only pertain to the possible role of returnees in the political violence in countries like Mali, but also the fact that many families in extremely poor countries like Niger and Chad are now deprived from vital remittance income since migrant workers returned home from Libya. In many ways, return migrants moved from one to another situation of insecurity. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Notwithstanding the adverse consequences of the violence in particularly Libya and Syria on the situations of citizens, migrants and refugees in the region, the workshop also showed that the Arab Spring has not fundamentally altered the long-term migration patterns and trends, although they might have accelerated them. For instance, although the falling away of policing has encouraged more Tunisians and Egyptians to cross the Mediterranean Sea on fisher boats, these migrations are anything but a new phenomenon, and should certainly not been qualified as ‘refugee flows’. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;In the case of Tunisia, these crossings of prospective labour migrants have been a ‘regular’ phenomenon since south European countries introduced visa requirements in the early 1990s. In the case of Egypt, migration to Italy and other European countries from villages in de Nile Delta and regions such as the Fayyoum oasis south of Cairo has already been increasing over the past decade. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;In terms of policy responses, international organization such as IOM and UNHCR have collaborated relatively effectively in responding to the crisis, particularly around the refugee and migrant flows engendered by the violence in Libya. Also regional governments have been relatively collaborative in hosting refugee populations. By contrast, the response from EU countries has been embarrassing. Although European governments continued to pay lip service to “supporting democracy”, policies remain driven by imaginary fears about a “Biblical Exodus” from North Africa, and this obsession stood in the way of offering protection to refugees . Migration continues to be portrayed like a threat to stability and security, and the trend towards externalizing border controls had continued, as if nothing has changed. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;It is rather unlikely that long-term migration patterns will drastically change due to the revolutions. In this context, it is important to observe that the same processes that have created the conditions for the revolutions to occur are also conducive to emigration, and both phenomena seem to reinforce each other. A new generation has come of age, who is better educated, more aspiring and more aware about opportunities elsewhere and injustice at home than any other previous generation, but at the same time feels rejected, disrespected and angered due to high unemployment, corruption, inequality, and political repression. This has been reinforced by decades of neoliberal reforms and privatization, which have benefited small elites, but have made lives of ordinary people more insecure. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;The coming of age of a new, wired and conscious generation of “angry young men and women” have increased both the emigration and revolutionary potential of Arab societies. Even under the most optimistic scenarios, the idea that emigration will stop is as unlikely as the idea of a “mass exodus” towards Europe. Certainly a populous and deprived country like Egypt seems to have a significant emigration potential for years to come. However, the extent to which these migrants will go to Europe or elsewhere primarily depends on future economic growth in Europe. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;At the same time, it is likely that Libya continues to rely on migrant labour, and Egyptian and sub-Saharan migrants have in fact started to return. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;An intriguing question in this respect is whether the economic crisis in Europe has played an indirect role in triggering the uprisings in emigration countries like Tunisia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;It is important to remember that, for political elites in the region, migration has fulfilled an important role as a political and economic ‘safety valve’, since the opportunity to migrate abroad relieved unemployment, discontent and internal political pressures for reform. Has this lack of emigration opportunities perhaps turned the attention and anger inwards, and tipped the balance in favour of revolutionary forces? Also, political exiles and emigrants have played an important role in supporting the revolutions, certainly in Tunisia and Egypt. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;Another key question is what the impact of political reforms and more democratic modes of governance will be on migration and migration policy. This impact seems very ambiguous, and very much depends on the nature and course of future political reform. Some participants argued that more conservative, religiously inspired nature of current and future governments may possibly increase migration aspirations among secular elites, minorities and women, whose rights might possibly be infringed upon. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;On the other hand, possible increases in respect for human rights for their own citizens may also push North African societies to become more reflective and self-critical towards xenophobia and violations of the rights of migrants and refugees. Finally, democratically elected governments may be less enthusiastic about collaborating with European governments in joint border controls and the expulsion of irregular migrants, as preventing emigration may makes them unpopular at home. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height:normal;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;What will happen this is uncertain, and dependent on the future course of political and economic change in the region, but it should certainly not be taken for granted that European governments can continue to conclude ‘migration control deals’ as they used to do with Khaddafi and their other dictator friends in the region. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <author>Hein de Haas</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6661503369345934670.post-3042154599388805774</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 21 Mar 2012 16:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Citizenship: What Is It and Why Does It Matter?</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/policy-primers/citizenship-what-it-and-why-does-it-matter</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;28th March 2011&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Bridget Anderson  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This policy primer discusses the objectives and implications of citizenship policy and examines the concept of citizenship in the UK in the light of both its historical context and recent policy changes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; 
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h3&gt;Contents&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;The issue: What is British citizenship and why does it matter?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp2&quot;&gt;Breaking the link between settlement and citizenship&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp3&quot;&gt;What is the relation between citizenship, belonging and Britishness?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;What is the aim of citizenship policy?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;What is the relationship between citizenship, immigration and equality?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp6&quot;&gt;Implications for debates&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-listing-summary&quot;&gt;
        Is it more than legal status?   &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">432 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Mon, 20 Feb 2012 07:55:49 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Integration</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/policy-primers/integration</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;28th March 2011&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
         Sarah  Spencer  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This policy primer discusses government policy towards migrants after their arrival in the UK. It covers the history and goals of policy intervention, what is meant by ‘integration’, to whom policy is directed and some of the issues which underlie policy debates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; 
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h3&gt;Contents&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;The issue: Should public policy promote ‘integration’?&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp2&quot;&gt;Integration policy in the UK &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp3&quot;&gt;Lack of consensus on fundamental questions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp4&quot;&gt;What do we mean by ‘integration’? &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp5&quot;&gt;Which policy levers?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp6&quot;&gt;Who is the target?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp7&quot;&gt;Whose responsibility is integration?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp8&quot;&gt;Restrict entitlements or promote integration?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp9&quot;&gt;Uncertain way forward&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-listing-summary&quot;&gt;
        What&amp;#039;s the role of public policy?  &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">656 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Sun, 19 Feb 2012 14:27:02 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Responding to Employers: Labour Shortages and Immigration Policy</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/policy-primers/responding-employers-labour-shortages-and-immigration-policy</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;29th March 2011&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;
                &lt;div class=&quot;field-item odd &quot;&gt;
            Dr Martin Ruhs          &lt;/div&gt;
                  &lt;div class=&quot;field-item even last&quot;&gt;
            Dr Bridget Anderson          &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This policy primer discusses the conceptual and practical challenges in linking the admission of new migrant workers to the needs of the domestic labour market and economy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; 
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h3&gt;Contents&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;The issue: Are migrant workers needed to fill ‘labour and skills shortages’ and ‘to do the jobs that British workers cannot or will not do’?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp2&quot;&gt;Shortages and skills are slippery concepts that are difficult to define and measure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp3&quot;&gt;Why some employers prefer migrant workers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp4&quot;&gt;Alternatives to immigration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp5&quot;&gt;Mind the gap: labour immigration and public policy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-listing-summary&quot;&gt;
        Do employers know best?  &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">430 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Sat, 18 Feb 2012 10:34:37 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Migration and Development</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/policy-primers/migration-and-development</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;26th October 2011&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Carlos Vargas-Silva  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This policy primer examines the relationship between migration and international development, considering the benefits and challenges it creates for both sending and receiving countries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; 
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; name=&quot;content&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Contents&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;The issue: the relationship between migration and development and the possible role of policy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp2&quot;&gt;Poverty and underdevelopment as a driver of migration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp3&quot;&gt;Brain drain or brain gain?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp4&quot;&gt;The impact of remittances&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp5&quot;&gt;Migrants send more than money back home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp6&quot;&gt;Making migration more development friendly&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-listing-summary&quot;&gt;
        Brain drain or gain?  &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1063 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 20 Jan 2012 11:30:56 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Selecting the Best and Brightest</title>
         <link>http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/policy-primers/selecting-best-and-brightest</link>
         <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-date-display&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;date-display-single&quot;&gt;8th December 2011&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-profile-nid&quot;&gt;
        Dr Lucie Cerna  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-press-contact-nid&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Rob McNeil&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-intro&quot;&gt;
         &lt;p&gt;This policy primer discusses three key questions that arise in the development of policies that aim to attract and select highly skilled migrant workers:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Which criteria should be used to select and attract the ‘best and brightest’?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What are the difficulties with assessing migrant qualifications and previous earnings?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What do we know about the mismatch between migrants’ skill levels and their occupation in the host country?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; 
   &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-body&quot;&gt;
         &lt;h2&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; name=&quot;content&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Contents&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp1&quot;&gt;The issue: attracting and selecting the “best and brightest” &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp2&quot;&gt;What criteria should be used to select and attract the best and brightest?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp3&quot;&gt;Challenges with assessing migrant’s qualifications and previous earnings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp4&quot;&gt;High-skilled migrants for low-skilled jobs?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#kp5&quot;&gt;High-skilled immigration: toward more demand-based admission policies? &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;field field-listing-summary&quot;&gt;
        How do we choose?  &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">1129 at http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 06 Dec 2011 15:53:32 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The only way to reduce immigration is to wreck the economy</title>
         <link>http://heindehaas.blogspot.com/2011/11/only-way-to-reduce-immigration-is-to.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;There is increasing &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-mexico-migration-20111115,0,6585941.story&quot;&gt;evidence &lt;/a&gt;that migration from Mexico to the United States is declining fast, and that, in fact, quite some migrants are returning. Politicians are usually quick to claim that such decreases are the result of border controls, the erection of fences and walls, and tough immigration rules. Yet&amp;nbsp;the real cause of such decline is the protracted economic crisis in the US and&amp;nbsp;soaring unemployment, which has particularly&amp;nbsp;hit the construction sector,&amp;nbsp;where many migrants&amp;nbsp;tend to&amp;nbsp;find employment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This shows once again that immigration is primarily driven by economic conditions. Fluctuations in both legal and illegal immigration are closely associated to the business cycle in receiving countries. If the demand for migrant labour does not meet supply in the form of regular migration channels, migration will not stop, but migrants will come illegally. Only sustained economic recessions tend to significantly curb immigration. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To put it differently, the only way to really reduce immigration is to wreck the economy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the recent decline in Mexican immigration cannot be solely explained by the economic crisis in the US. Another important factors include shrinking families and &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/07/06/world/americas/immigration.html&quot;&gt;expanded opportunities in Mexico&lt;/a&gt;, explaining why more and more young people prefer to stay at home instead of migrating to&amp;nbsp;the crisis-ridden and increasingly immigrant-hostile United States. Mexico itself is also becoming a migration destination for poorer Latin American countries, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A similar, and probably even more convincing story can be told about Turkey. In recent years, migration from Turkey to the European Union has rapidly decreased. This is only partly related to declining opportunities in the European Union, as this decline already started before the onset of the economic crisis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main reason for this change has been extraordinary high growth Turkey has witnessed over the past decade following fundamental political and economic reforms. Why bother going abroad, if your own country offers so many new opportunities? &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/bispartners/foresight/docs/migration/drivers/11-1178-dr8b-mediterranean-migration-futures.pdf&quot;&gt;This has made Turkey into a new migration destination&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;- which means that more people migrate to Turkey than Turks move abroad. Also other emerging economies, such as Brazil and China, are attracting increasing numbers of migrants. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This shows how fast the world is changing. European and American debates on migration are still based on the self-centered notion that the whole world wants to come to the Western lands of milk and honey. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, seen from Africa, Asia and Latin America, they increasingly appear like regions in crisis. So, people may either prefer to stay home or to simply go elsewhere. For instance, more and more sub-Saharan Africans migrate to &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.imi.ox.ac.uk/pdfs/research-projects-pdfs/aphm-pdfs/aphm-synthesis-report-2011&quot;&gt;Asia, North Africa&lt;/a&gt;, Turkey or even &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.unhcr.org/4cdacd4c6.html&quot;&gt;Latin America&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If and when economic growth resumes in the US and the EU, migration is likely to increase again, but with increasing global competition for migrant labour, governments and societies cannot afford the luxury to just take for granted that migrants will keep on coming - with this attitude, they may be shooting themselves in their own feet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In many ways, in the future, the question will no longer be how to prevent migrants from coming, but how to attract them. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although politicians and opinion makers may celebrate declining immigration, in their shortsightedness they do not see that this is in fact a sign of crisis. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rising nations attract migrants, declining powers try to keep them out. &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <author>Hein de Haas</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6661503369345934670.post-1051587462568309540</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 15 Nov 2011 08:35:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Africa Paradise</title>
         <link>http://heindehaas.blogspot.com/2011/10/africa-paradise.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;Imagine a world in which young Europeans try to desperately reach Africa. An interesting &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.slateafrique.com/44457/jeunes-europeens-emigration-afrique&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; in Slate Africa speculated on this scenario. It referred to the film &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsB-vxM2Vko&quot;&gt;Africa Paradise&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;by the Beninese film maker Sylvestre Amoussou. It is a movie about a&amp;nbsp;French couple which, in 2033, tries to leave a Europe plagued by unemployment and violence to enter the prosperous United Nations of Africa. However, African border guards stop them, and this is where their troubles start.... &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It may sounds a phantasm to most but is a future increase in European migration to Africa really that unrealistic?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In fact,&amp;nbsp;it is already happening. More and more Europeans are settling in&amp;nbsp;the Maghreb, West Africa and elsewhere&amp;nbsp;on the continent to work, to do business or to retire. But why are they usually not seen as migrants, but as expatriates?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why would they not be migrants? Because they are not considered as &quot;poor&quot; or &quot;desperate&quot;? (At least, this is the way Western media portray African immigrants, even though we know that most of them are neither poor nor desperate).&amp;nbsp;Or because they are neither Black nor Muslim? In any case, &quot;migrant&quot; has increasingly become a term to describe the (undesirable) other. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This reveals the double standards Europeans apply when it comes to migration. While most Europeans find it normal that Africans and other foreigners are denied entry and live in situations of illegality, they find it equally normal that Europeans have the privilege to go and settle almost anywhere in the world. My students find it perfectly normal to spend their summer holidays in Morocco, Egypt or South Africa to discover the world and/or themselves, but often fail to realize that young Africans may have similar desires and dreams. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is why films like Africa Paradise are important. It compels Europeans viewers to look themselves into the mirror and to imagine how it would be to be on the other side. But it also compels African viewers to consider racism and xenophobia in their own society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The movie opens up the imagination by portraying a future in which the world looks totally different. And even if the scenario of Africa Paradise will not play out, this is an important message. Because it is very likely that the future of global migration will look fundamentally different from now. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And why would people not go to Africa? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Increasingly, Europe seems to become a continent marked by ageing, economic stagnation and social sclerosis.&amp;nbsp;Particularly in southern Europe but also in Ireland, faced with mass unemployment and a general lack of perspective, young people have started to migrate again. And in the future, why would they not increasingly opt for Africa?&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While income differences between Europe and most African countries are&amp;nbsp;still huge, many African economies have been growing fast and offer many social and economic opportunities for young, aspiring people.&amp;nbsp;While countries such as Morocco, Tunisia, Ghana, Senegal and South Africa attract increasing number of migrants from within Africa, they also attract increasing number of migrants from outside. And these are not only Europeans.&amp;nbsp;According to some estimates about one million Chinese already live in Africa. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thinking about Africa as a migration paradise does not only help to correct stereotypes about Africa, but can also help Europeans to look themselves into the mirror. What if? &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <author>Hein de Haas</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6661503369345934670.post-3955306479993944520</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 05 Oct 2011 07:55:00 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>The African invasion that did not happen. Why and how?</title>
         <link>http://heindehaas.blogspot.com/2011/09/african-invasion-that-did-not-happen.html</link>
         <description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;Do you remember? Back in February and March of this year, European politicians and the media were sowing fear that Europe was about to face a deluge of African migrants in response to the Arab Spring. Particularly the violence in Libya was predicted to push up to 1.5 million sub-Saharan migrant workers to migrate to Europe. Others believed Gaddafi's threats that he could unleash a migrant invasion. Images of Tunisian boat migrants arriving on Lampedusa confirmed this image of a looming migration crisis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;None of that has happened. The vast majority of people fleeing the violence in Libya has returned home or temporarily settled in neigbouring countries - such as Libyans in Tunisia. Eventually, only a few thousands turned up in Europe. Although immigration of Tunisians - which had nothing to do with this violence - somehow increased, it never came near to &quot;biblical&quot; proportions predicted by Italian interior minister Maroni. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The sad thing is that we &lt;i&gt;knew &lt;/i&gt;that this mass migration was not going to happen, and me (on this blog) and other migration researchers have been arguing this several times. However, such insights have been systematically ignored by politicians and media, because it served them well to deflect the attention away from their internal problems and because apocalyptic stories about miserable and desperate Africans invading Europe draw large audiences. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These stories ignored a number of basic facts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;the vast majority of migrants in Libya and North Africa were not on their way to Europe but were there to work;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the majority therefore opted to go home instead of going to Europe;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the idea that Gaddafi could single-handedly unleash a &quot;Black&quot; migration invasion was as megalomaniac as his belief that all Libyans dearly loved the Guide of the Revolution of that he was the leader of all African;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;every year several tens of thousands of North Africans cross the Mediterranean illegally in search of work (which exists, by the way) ever since south European countries introduced visa requirements for North Africans;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;numbers and routes fluctuate annually in response to job availability in Europe and which borders are best controlled, but this year's immigration from Tunisia is certainly not &quot;unprecedented&quot; compared to flows in previous years;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;these numbers of &quot;several tends of thousands&quot; are significant but dwindle in comparison to total EU immigration of about 1.5M annually.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Back in the sixteenth century, Nicolò Machiavelli already argued that to stay in power, rulers should create external enemy in order to sow fear, create a common cause, defect the attention away from your own failings, and rally your people behind you. In recent decades, and particularly since the fall of the Berlin wall and the &quot;Communist threat&quot;, European politicians have effectively used the imagined threat of uncontrolled mass immigration to stay in power.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This seems to be their prime motivation to use every &quot;migration crisis&quot; to blow out of proportion the real magnitude of the phenomenon. It has served them very well, but with the harmful consequence that many Europeans now genuinely believe and fear that they are &quot;under threat&quot; by a looming migrant invasion. However, the funny thing is that such migration waves always keep on &quot;looming&quot; at the horizon, but never actually arrive!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What has been the European response to the Arab Spring in terms of migration policy? Shameful. After having supported North African dictators for many decades, North African citizen spontaneously started to revolt against those leaders, European governments created panic about a few thousands of migrants landing on their shores and basically turned their back. While the Tunisian government has generously assisted hundreds and hosted tens of thousands of migrants and Libyans fleeing the violence and greatly facilitated the&amp;nbsp; work by UNHCR and IOM, wealthy European countries were arguing and haggling about sharing the &quot;burden&quot; of a few thousands of asylum seekers and refugees. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the first things the Italian government did after recognizing the National Transitional Council (NTC) in Libya is to guarantee that the TNC will respect the migration agreements they concluded with ... Gaddafi! Do the realise that these agreements have sanctioned abuses against the human rights of migrants and asylum seekers, as is extensively documented by human rights organizations and researchers? If the NTC is serious about democracy and human rights, it will not be able and should actually refuse to implement those agreements. The violence and abuses sub-Saharan migrants in Libya are currently experiencing, do therefore not necessarily bod well for the democratic credentials of the current NTC government. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, European governments continue to actively pushing North African governments to violate rights of migrants and asylum seekers. Do they realise democracy also implies attributing rights to foreigners and migrants? After all, fundamental human rights do not only extend to citizens, but to all human beings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In North Africa, human rights organizations have been assisting migrants and refugees and have been fighting for their rights of foreigners living on North African soil as part of a broader struggle to build more equal, just and democratic societies. They deserve the support of European governments, an certainly no encouragements to their leaders to continue abusing human rights of foreigners and, ultimately, also of their own citizens. &lt;/div&gt;</description>
         <author>Hein de Haas</author>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6661503369345934670.post-2332225803237073124</guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 23 Sep 2011 05:07:00 +0000</pubDate>
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